Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation
Abstract Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) lead to major losses in the cereal crop industry worldwide and have been reported in many provinces of China. However, this plant nematode’s distribution and genetic differences are not fully understood. In the present study, 821 soil and host root samples were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Phytopathology Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00185-x |
| _version_ | 1827905601475182592 |
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| author | Hudie Shao Linfeng Zhu Zhiqiang Li Ru Jiang Shiming Liu Wenkun Huang Chuanren Li Ling-an Kong Deliang Peng Huan Peng |
| author_facet | Hudie Shao Linfeng Zhu Zhiqiang Li Ru Jiang Shiming Liu Wenkun Huang Chuanren Li Ling-an Kong Deliang Peng Huan Peng |
| author_sort | Hudie Shao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) lead to major losses in the cereal crop industry worldwide and have been reported in many provinces of China. However, this plant nematode’s distribution and genetic differences are not fully understood. In the present study, 821 soil and host root samples were collected from 16 provinces in 2019–2022 to investigate the distribution of the CCNs. Heterodera avenae was detected in 56.39% of the total samples, primarily in Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Anhui, Shaanxi, and Jiangsu. H. filipjevi was present in 21 samples, with a detection rate of 2.60%, and it was found mainly in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, and Qinghai. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene indicated that significant evolutionary and genetic differences existed between the Chinese populations and populations from other countries. Our results indicate that ITS1 can be used as a phylogenetic analysis and genetic target for H. avenae populations. The haplotypes of the ITS1 sequences of H. avenae populations from 14 countries were analyzed, and we speculate that H. avenae originated in a Middle East hotspot, then spread westwards to Europe and the United States and eastwards to China and Australia. Genetic differences between Asian and European populations suggest that the Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains formed a barrier that resulted in the formation of a separate evolutionary group in China. The phylogenetic and haplotype analysis results from different hosts showed significant differences among populations isolated from different hosts, and those isolated from weeds were distinct from those from other hosts, indicating that the rich genetic diversity of H. avenae populations is related to the large number of available hosts. Above all, geographic barriers, time of origin, and host adaptation might explain the current known distribution patterns of Chinese H. avenae populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:44:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-953c62983beb48c49041f6903b085de5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-4167 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:44:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Phytopathology Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-953c62983beb48c49041f6903b085de52023-07-09T11:07:58ZengBMCPhytopathology Research2524-41672023-07-015111310.1186/s42483-023-00185-xPopulation genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptationHudie Shao0Linfeng Zhu1Zhiqiang Li2Ru Jiang3Shiming Liu4Wenkun Huang5Chuanren Li6Ling-an Kong7Deliang Peng8Huan Peng9State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAgricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAdsen Biotechnology Co., Ltd.State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesCollege of Agriculture, Yangtze UniversityState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesAbstract Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) lead to major losses in the cereal crop industry worldwide and have been reported in many provinces of China. However, this plant nematode’s distribution and genetic differences are not fully understood. In the present study, 821 soil and host root samples were collected from 16 provinces in 2019–2022 to investigate the distribution of the CCNs. Heterodera avenae was detected in 56.39% of the total samples, primarily in Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Gansu, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Anhui, Shaanxi, and Jiangsu. H. filipjevi was present in 21 samples, with a detection rate of 2.60%, and it was found mainly in Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, and Qinghai. A phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene indicated that significant evolutionary and genetic differences existed between the Chinese populations and populations from other countries. Our results indicate that ITS1 can be used as a phylogenetic analysis and genetic target for H. avenae populations. The haplotypes of the ITS1 sequences of H. avenae populations from 14 countries were analyzed, and we speculate that H. avenae originated in a Middle East hotspot, then spread westwards to Europe and the United States and eastwards to China and Australia. Genetic differences between Asian and European populations suggest that the Himalayas and Kunlun Mountains formed a barrier that resulted in the formation of a separate evolutionary group in China. The phylogenetic and haplotype analysis results from different hosts showed significant differences among populations isolated from different hosts, and those isolated from weeds were distinct from those from other hosts, indicating that the rich genetic diversity of H. avenae populations is related to the large number of available hosts. Above all, geographic barriers, time of origin, and host adaptation might explain the current known distribution patterns of Chinese H. avenae populations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00185-xCereal cyst nematodeDistributionHaplotypeGeographic barrierHost adaptation |
| spellingShingle | Hudie Shao Linfeng Zhu Zhiqiang Li Ru Jiang Shiming Liu Wenkun Huang Chuanren Li Ling-an Kong Deliang Peng Huan Peng Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation Phytopathology Research Cereal cyst nematode Distribution Haplotype Geographic barrier Host adaptation |
| title | Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| title_full | Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| title_fullStr | Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| title_short | Population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| title_sort | population genetics of the cereal cyst nematode heterodera avenae reveal geographical segregation and host adaptation |
| topic | Cereal cyst nematode Distribution Haplotype Geographic barrier Host adaptation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00185-x |
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