Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1999 |
| _version_ | 1797572039621476352 |
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| author | Ayse Agac Sophie M. Kolbe Martin Ludlow Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Robert Meineke Guus F. Rimmelzwaan |
| author_facet | Ayse Agac Sophie M. Kolbe Martin Ludlow Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Robert Meineke Guus F. Rimmelzwaan |
| author_sort | Ayse Agac |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:50:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-953e948339c14f3699ed86dbd62cfed0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:50:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-953e948339c14f3699ed86dbd62cfed02023-11-19T18:26:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-09-011510199910.3390/v15101999Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionAyse Agac0Sophie M. Kolbe1Martin Ludlow2Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus3Robert Meineke4Guus F. Rimmelzwaan5Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyResearch Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, GermanyRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a constant public health problem, especially in infants and older adults. Virtually all children will have been infected with RSV by the age of two, and reinfections are common throughout life. Since antigenic variation, which is frequently observed among other respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses, can only be observed for RSV to a limited extent, reinfections may result from short-term or incomplete immunity. After decades of research, two RSV vaccines were approved to prevent lower respiratory tract infections in older adults. Recently, the FDA approved a vaccine for active vaccination of pregnant women to prevent severe RSV disease in infants during their first RSV season. This review focuses on the host response to RSV infections mediated by epithelial cells as the first physical barrier, followed by responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems. We address possible RSV-mediated immunomodulatory and pathogenic mechanisms during infections and discuss the current vaccine candidates and alternative treatment options.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1999respiratory syncytial virusinnate immunityadaptive immunityimmunopathologyimmune evasionvaccines |
| spellingShingle | Ayse Agac Sophie M. Kolbe Martin Ludlow Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus Robert Meineke Guus F. Rimmelzwaan Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Viruses respiratory syncytial virus innate immunity adaptive immunity immunopathology immune evasion vaccines |
| title | Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
| title_full | Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
| title_fullStr | Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
| title_short | Host Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection |
| title_sort | host responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection |
| topic | respiratory syncytial virus innate immunity adaptive immunity immunopathology immune evasion vaccines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/10/1999 |
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