Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees
The number of patients with unilateral above-knee amputation (AKA) due to non-vascular causes has remained stable over the years, at 0.92 per 1000 people per year. Post-AKA individuals are at risk of experiencing a higher incidence of chronic pain. Post rehabilitation, it is estimated that between 1...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/5933 |
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| author | Mateusz Kowal Sławomir Winiarski Ewa Gieysztor Anna Kołcz Ilias Dumas Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz |
| author_facet | Mateusz Kowal Sławomir Winiarski Ewa Gieysztor Anna Kołcz Ilias Dumas Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz |
| author_sort | Mateusz Kowal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The number of patients with unilateral above-knee amputation (AKA) due to non-vascular causes has remained stable over the years, at 0.92 per 1000 people per year. Post-AKA individuals are at risk of experiencing a higher incidence of chronic pain. Post rehabilitation, it is estimated that between 16–62% of patients with musculoskeletal disabilities fail to meet the minimum criteria for physical activity in comparison to a healthy population. The current study included 14 participants (11 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 46.1 ± 14.2 years, body height of 1.76 ± 0.09 m, and weight of 79.6 ± 18.3 kg, who were all post-unilateral above-the-knee amputees. Patients in the study were divided into two groups: active (AC) and non-active (NAC). This study was conducted in a certified Laboratory of Biomechanical Analysis using the BTS Smart-E system (BTS Bioengineering). In order to investigate the symmetry function (SF) of gait, the only measurements included were the time series assessment of gait variables defining pelvic and lower limb joint motion and ground reaction forces (GRF). Both groups had an asymmetrical gait pattern with a different magnitude and relative position in the gait cycle, which was revealed by SF. The differences in terms of median, minimum, and maximum were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with SF ranging from –25 to 24% for the AC group and from 43 to 77% (59% on average) for the NAC group. The AC’s pattern was more symmetrical compared to the NAC’s pattern, especially in the case of pelvic and hip joint motion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:38:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95424424927c45f7b012f12428bd64fe |
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| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:38:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-95424424927c45f7b012f12428bd64fe2023-11-30T22:21:49ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-08-012216593310.3390/s22165933Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee AmputeesMateusz Kowal0Sławomir Winiarski1Ewa Gieysztor2Anna Kołcz3Ilias Dumas4Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz5Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Biomechanics, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, 51-612 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, PolandThe number of patients with unilateral above-knee amputation (AKA) due to non-vascular causes has remained stable over the years, at 0.92 per 1000 people per year. Post-AKA individuals are at risk of experiencing a higher incidence of chronic pain. Post rehabilitation, it is estimated that between 16–62% of patients with musculoskeletal disabilities fail to meet the minimum criteria for physical activity in comparison to a healthy population. The current study included 14 participants (11 men and 3 women) with a mean age of 46.1 ± 14.2 years, body height of 1.76 ± 0.09 m, and weight of 79.6 ± 18.3 kg, who were all post-unilateral above-the-knee amputees. Patients in the study were divided into two groups: active (AC) and non-active (NAC). This study was conducted in a certified Laboratory of Biomechanical Analysis using the BTS Smart-E system (BTS Bioengineering). In order to investigate the symmetry function (SF) of gait, the only measurements included were the time series assessment of gait variables defining pelvic and lower limb joint motion and ground reaction forces (GRF). Both groups had an asymmetrical gait pattern with a different magnitude and relative position in the gait cycle, which was revealed by SF. The differences in terms of median, minimum, and maximum were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with SF ranging from –25 to 24% for the AC group and from 43 to 77% (59% on average) for the NAC group. The AC’s pattern was more symmetrical compared to the NAC’s pattern, especially in the case of pelvic and hip joint motion.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/5933symmetrytime seriesgaittransfemoral amputationphysical activity |
| spellingShingle | Mateusz Kowal Sławomir Winiarski Ewa Gieysztor Anna Kołcz Ilias Dumas Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees Sensors symmetry time series gait transfemoral amputation physical activity |
| title | Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees |
| title_full | Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees |
| title_fullStr | Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees |
| title_short | Symmetry Function: The Differences between Active and Non-Active Above-the-Knee Amputees |
| title_sort | symmetry function the differences between active and non active above the knee amputees |
| topic | symmetry time series gait transfemoral amputation physical activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/16/5933 |
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