Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is becoming a new technical platform for disinfecting food against pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic changes are deemed to occur in bacteria as either the causes or the consequences of IPL-elicited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. However, little is known about the in...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/2/102 |
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| author | Qingqing Mao Juer Liu Justin R. Wiertzema Dongjie Chen Paul Chen David J. Baumler Roger Ruan Chi Chen |
| author_facet | Qingqing Mao Juer Liu Justin R. Wiertzema Dongjie Chen Paul Chen David J. Baumler Roger Ruan Chi Chen |
| author_sort | Qingqing Mao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Intense pulsed light (IPL) is becoming a new technical platform for disinfecting food against pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic changes are deemed to occur in bacteria as either the causes or the consequences of IPL-elicited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. However, little is known about the influences of IPL on bacterial metabolome. In this study, the IPL treatment was applied to <i>E. coli</i> K-12 for 0–20 s, leading to time- and dose-dependent reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) and morphological changes. Both membrane lipids and cytoplasmic metabolites of the control and IPL-treated <i>E. coli</i> were examined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic fingerprinting. The results from multivariate modeling and marker identification indicate that the metabolites in electron transport chain (ETC), redox response, glycolysis, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism were selectively affected by the IPL treatments. The time courses and scales of these metabolic changes, together with the biochemical connections among them, revealed a cascade of events that might be initiated by the degradation of quinone electron carriers and then followed by oxidative stress, disruption of intermediary metabolism, nucleotide degradation, and morphological changes. Therefore, the degradations of membrane quinones, especially the rapid depletion of menaquinone-8 (MK-8), can be considered as a triggering event in the IPL-elicited metabolic changes in <i>E. coli</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:47:04Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:47:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-954e5835d6ff4712ad3c3956bd4f25fd2023-12-03T13:14:54ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892021-02-0111210210.3390/metabo11020102Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic FingerprintingQingqing Mao0Juer Liu1Justin R. Wiertzema2Dongjie Chen3Paul Chen4David J. Baumler5Roger Ruan6Chi Chen7Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., Saint Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Ave, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USAIntense pulsed light (IPL) is becoming a new technical platform for disinfecting food against pathogenic bacteria. Metabolic changes are deemed to occur in bacteria as either the causes or the consequences of IPL-elicited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. However, little is known about the influences of IPL on bacterial metabolome. In this study, the IPL treatment was applied to <i>E. coli</i> K-12 for 0–20 s, leading to time- and dose-dependent reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) and morphological changes. Both membrane lipids and cytoplasmic metabolites of the control and IPL-treated <i>E. coli</i> were examined by the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomic fingerprinting. The results from multivariate modeling and marker identification indicate that the metabolites in electron transport chain (ETC), redox response, glycolysis, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism were selectively affected by the IPL treatments. The time courses and scales of these metabolic changes, together with the biochemical connections among them, revealed a cascade of events that might be initiated by the degradation of quinone electron carriers and then followed by oxidative stress, disruption of intermediary metabolism, nucleotide degradation, and morphological changes. Therefore, the degradations of membrane quinones, especially the rapid depletion of menaquinone-8 (MK-8), can be considered as a triggering event in the IPL-elicited metabolic changes in <i>E. coli</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/2/102intense pulsed light<i>Escherichia coli</i>bacterial metabolomemembrane quinonesoxidative stressintermediary metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Qingqing Mao Juer Liu Justin R. Wiertzema Dongjie Chen Paul Chen David J. Baumler Roger Ruan Chi Chen Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting Metabolites intense pulsed light <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacterial metabolome membrane quinones oxidative stress intermediary metabolism |
| title | Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting |
| title_full | Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting |
| title_short | Identification of Quinone Degradation as a Triggering Event for Intense Pulsed Light-Elicited Metabolic Changes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by Metabolomic Fingerprinting |
| title_sort | identification of quinone degradation as a triggering event for intense pulsed light elicited metabolic changes in i escherichia coli i by metabolomic fingerprinting |
| topic | intense pulsed light <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacterial metabolome membrane quinones oxidative stress intermediary metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/11/2/102 |
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