Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK
There is uncertainty about outcomes associated with cardiac echogenic foci (CEF) seen at the midtrimester ultrasound scan because of limited population-based follow-up data. This can lead to unnecessary invasive testing and significant parental anxiety. We analysed data from a cohort study, The Wels...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/7/1233 |
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| author | Lisa Hurt Orhan Uzun Susan Morris Jackie Bethel Annette Evans Michael Seaborne Rhian Daniel Sinead Brophy Shantini Paranjothy |
| author_facet | Lisa Hurt Orhan Uzun Susan Morris Jackie Bethel Annette Evans Michael Seaborne Rhian Daniel Sinead Brophy Shantini Paranjothy |
| author_sort | Lisa Hurt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is uncertainty about outcomes associated with cardiac echogenic foci (CEF) seen at the midtrimester ultrasound scan because of limited population-based follow-up data. This can lead to unnecessary invasive testing and significant parental anxiety. We analysed data from a cohort study, The Welsh Study of Mothers and Babies, to examine whether children with CEF had more adverse outcomes during childhood compared with children without CEF. Children born between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011 were followed until 31 January 2018, migration out of Wales, or death. The primary outcome was cardiac hospital admissions, defined a priori by an expert steering group. Secondary outcomes included congenital cardiac anomalies, and hospital admissions for other causes. There was no evidence of an association between isolated CEF and cardiac hospital admissions (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–2.25, <i>p</i> value 0.768), or with congenital cardiac anomalies. There was a small increased risk of a respiratory admission with isolated CEF (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.54, <i>p</i> value 0.020). Further research is needed on features of CEF, such as location or number, to fully understand the clinical significance of these findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:11:50Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9565f0d2ad504b28929b124617f85490 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:11:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9565f0d2ad504b28929b124617f854902023-11-18T18:50:07ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672023-07-01107123310.3390/children10071233Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UKLisa Hurt0Orhan Uzun1Susan Morris2Jackie Bethel3Annette Evans4Michael Seaborne5Rhian Daniel6Sinead Brophy7Shantini Paranjothy8Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UKUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park Way, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UKUniversity Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Heath Park Way, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UKDivision of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UKResearch and Evaluation Division, Public Health Wales, Cardiff CF10 4BZ, UKSwansea University Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UKDivision of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UKSwansea University Medical School, Data Science Building, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UKAberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, University of Aberdeen, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UKThere is uncertainty about outcomes associated with cardiac echogenic foci (CEF) seen at the midtrimester ultrasound scan because of limited population-based follow-up data. This can lead to unnecessary invasive testing and significant parental anxiety. We analysed data from a cohort study, The Welsh Study of Mothers and Babies, to examine whether children with CEF had more adverse outcomes during childhood compared with children without CEF. Children born between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2011 were followed until 31 January 2018, migration out of Wales, or death. The primary outcome was cardiac hospital admissions, defined a priori by an expert steering group. Secondary outcomes included congenital cardiac anomalies, and hospital admissions for other causes. There was no evidence of an association between isolated CEF and cardiac hospital admissions (hazard ratio 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–2.25, <i>p</i> value 0.768), or with congenital cardiac anomalies. There was a small increased risk of a respiratory admission with isolated CEF (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.54, <i>p</i> value 0.020). Further research is needed on features of CEF, such as location or number, to fully understand the clinical significance of these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/7/1233cardiac echogenic focihospital admissionscongenital cardiac anomaliescohort studypopulation-based |
| spellingShingle | Lisa Hurt Orhan Uzun Susan Morris Jackie Bethel Annette Evans Michael Seaborne Rhian Daniel Sinead Brophy Shantini Paranjothy Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK Children cardiac echogenic foci hospital admissions congenital cardiac anomalies cohort study population-based |
| title | Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK |
| title_full | Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK |
| title_fullStr | Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK |
| title_short | Childhood Outcomes in Children with and without Cardiac Echogenic Foci: An Electronic Birth Cohort Study in Wales, UK |
| title_sort | childhood outcomes in children with and without cardiac echogenic foci an electronic birth cohort study in wales uk |
| topic | cardiac echogenic foci hospital admissions congenital cardiac anomalies cohort study population-based |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/10/7/1233 |
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