Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial
Background Cocoa flavanols (CF) can stimulate vasodilation by improved nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. This study aimed to examine whether acute CF intake can affect exercise-induced changes in antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, inflammation an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2017-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0186-7 |
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| author | Lieselot Decroix Cajsa Tonoli Danusa Dias Soares Amandine Descat Marie-José Drittij-Reijnders Antje R. Weseler Aalt Bast Wilhelm Stahl Elsa Heyman Romain Meeusen |
| author_facet | Lieselot Decroix Cajsa Tonoli Danusa Dias Soares Amandine Descat Marie-José Drittij-Reijnders Antje R. Weseler Aalt Bast Wilhelm Stahl Elsa Heyman Romain Meeusen |
| author_sort | Lieselot Decroix |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Cocoa flavanols (CF) can stimulate vasodilation by improved nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. This study aimed to examine whether acute CF intake can affect exercise-induced changes in antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, inflammation and NO production, as well as exercise performance and recovery in well-trained cyclists. Methods Twelve well-trained male cyclists (mean ± SD age, VO2max: 30 ± 3 years, 63.0 ± 3.5 ml/kg/min) participated in this randomized, double-blind, cross over study. On 2 separate occasions, subjects performed two 30-min time trials 1.5 (TT1) and 3 (TT2) hours after CF (900 mg CF) or placebo (PL, 13 mg CF) intake, interposed by passive rest. Lactate, glucose, heartrate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and power output were measured during the TTs. Blood was drawn at baseline, before and after each TT and analyzed for epicatechin serum concentrations, trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), uric acid (UA), malonaldehyde (MDA), L-arginine/ADMA, citrulline, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plasma concentrations. Relative changes in blood markers and pacing strategy during TT were analysed by repeated measured ANOVA. TT performance was compared between PL and CF by paired t-test. Results Epicatechin concentrations were increased by CF intake. Exercise-induced increase in TEAC/UA was improved by CF intake (F(1) = 5.57; p = .038) (post-TT1: PL: 113.34 ± 3.9%, CF: 117.64 ± 3.96%, post-TT2: PL: 108.59 ± 3.95%, CF: 123.72 ± 7.4% to baseline), while exercise-induced increases in MDA, IL-1 and IL-6 were not affected by CF intake. TNF-α was unaltered by exercise and by CF. Exercise-induced decreases in L-arginine/ADMA and increases in citrulline were not affected by CF intake. TT1 and TT2 performance and exercise-induced physiological changes were unaffected by CF intake. Conclusion Acute CF intake increased total antioxidant capacity in rest and during exercise, but did not affect exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, inflammation, nor NO production in healthy athletes. Acute CF intake did not improve TT performance and recovery. Trial registration ISRCTN32875, 21-11-2016, retrospectively registered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-956b3a88372646e6940addedaa7def4a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1550-2783 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:38:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-956b3a88372646e6940addedaa7def4a2023-09-15T09:19:29ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition1550-27832017-08-0114110.1186/s12970-017-0186-712129999Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trialLieselot Decroix0Cajsa Tonoli1Danusa Dias Soares2Amandine Descat3Marie-José Drittij-Reijnders4Antje R. Weseler5Aalt Bast6Wilhelm Stahl7Elsa Heyman8Romain Meeusen9Human Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical TherapyHuman Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical TherapyDepartment of Physical EducationCenter of measurements and analysis (CMA), Facultyof Pharmaceutical SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyDepartment of Pharmacology and ToxicologyInstitute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Physical Activity, Muscle and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical EducationHuman Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical TherapyBackground Cocoa flavanols (CF) can stimulate vasodilation by improved nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. This study aimed to examine whether acute CF intake can affect exercise-induced changes in antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, inflammation and NO production, as well as exercise performance and recovery in well-trained cyclists. Methods Twelve well-trained male cyclists (mean ± SD age, VO2max: 30 ± 3 years, 63.0 ± 3.5 ml/kg/min) participated in this randomized, double-blind, cross over study. On 2 separate occasions, subjects performed two 30-min time trials 1.5 (TT1) and 3 (TT2) hours after CF (900 mg CF) or placebo (PL, 13 mg CF) intake, interposed by passive rest. Lactate, glucose, heartrate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and power output were measured during the TTs. Blood was drawn at baseline, before and after each TT and analyzed for epicatechin serum concentrations, trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity (TEAC), uric acid (UA), malonaldehyde (MDA), L-arginine/ADMA, citrulline, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plasma concentrations. Relative changes in blood markers and pacing strategy during TT were analysed by repeated measured ANOVA. TT performance was compared between PL and CF by paired t-test. Results Epicatechin concentrations were increased by CF intake. Exercise-induced increase in TEAC/UA was improved by CF intake (F(1) = 5.57; p = .038) (post-TT1: PL: 113.34 ± 3.9%, CF: 117.64 ± 3.96%, post-TT2: PL: 108.59 ± 3.95%, CF: 123.72 ± 7.4% to baseline), while exercise-induced increases in MDA, IL-1 and IL-6 were not affected by CF intake. TNF-α was unaltered by exercise and by CF. Exercise-induced decreases in L-arginine/ADMA and increases in citrulline were not affected by CF intake. TT1 and TT2 performance and exercise-induced physiological changes were unaffected by CF intake. Conclusion Acute CF intake increased total antioxidant capacity in rest and during exercise, but did not affect exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, inflammation, nor NO production in healthy athletes. Acute CF intake did not improve TT performance and recovery. Trial registration ISRCTN32875, 21-11-2016, retrospectively registered.http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0186-7cocoaflavanolsoxidative stressnitric oxideexercise |
| spellingShingle | Lieselot Decroix Cajsa Tonoli Danusa Dias Soares Amandine Descat Marie-José Drittij-Reijnders Antje R. Weseler Aalt Bast Wilhelm Stahl Elsa Heyman Romain Meeusen Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition cocoa flavanols oxidative stress nitric oxide exercise |
| title | Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full | Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_fullStr | Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_short | Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial |
| title_sort | acute cocoa flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | cocoa flavanols oxidative stress nitric oxide exercise |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0186-7 |
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