In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus
Introduction: Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disorder, accounting for up to 50% of all nail problems. Treatment of onychomycosis is expensive and requires a long time of antifungal medications. Consequently, a proper and faster diagnosis is necessary. Especially for those patients with diabetes me...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Pensoft Publishers
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Folia Medica |
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| Online Access: | https://foliamedica.bg/article/85486/download/pdf/ |
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| author | Gergana Z. Vazheva Liliya G. Zisova Elena A. Becheva Veselin R. Chonov Valentin D. Dichev Tsonka M. Miteva-Katrandzhieva Zoya V. Rachkovska Maria M. Orbetzova Veselin T. Belovezhdov |
| author_facet | Gergana Z. Vazheva Liliya G. Zisova Elena A. Becheva Veselin R. Chonov Valentin D. Dichev Tsonka M. Miteva-Katrandzhieva Zoya V. Rachkovska Maria M. Orbetzova Veselin T. Belovezhdov |
| author_sort | Gergana Z. Vazheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disorder, accounting for up to 50% of all nail problems. Treatment of onychomycosis is expensive and requires a long time of antifungal medications. Consequently, a proper and faster diagnosis is necessary. Especially for those patients with diabetes mellitus, where onychomycosis is among the most significant predictors of foot ulcer and possible severe complications.Aim: To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time between direct microscopy, culture, histology, and real-time PCR. In addition, to compare the frequency and etiology of onychomycosis in patients with and without DM.Materials and methods: This study included 102 patients, divided into two groups. One group consisted of patients with diabetes mellitus and the other – without diabetes. Nail samples were collected and examined by direct KOH microscopic examination, culture, histology, and real-time PCR.Results: From the 102 patients with clinical onychomycosis, positive KOH was found in 38 (37.3%). Culture – 82 out of 102 samples (80.4%) were positive for dermatophytes, yeasts, and/or NDM. Positive histology samples were 32 (41.6%). The PCR was positive in 57 (55.9%) out of the 102. We discovered that there is no significant statistical difference in the etiology of the fungal infections between the two groups.Conclusions: All mycological investigations have their place in the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Direct microscopy, culture, and histology are useful methods for clinicians to diagnose and follow up the post-treatment period. The advantages of RT-PCR include obtaining results faster and accurately identifying fungi, thus becoming more valued in the diagnosis of OM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:17:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-956b44953ad946f9bff99e70d2bbe955 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1314-2143 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:17:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Pensoft Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Folia Medica |
| spelling | doaj.art-956b44953ad946f9bff99e70d2bbe9552023-01-02T09:54:04ZengPensoft PublishersFolia Medica1314-21432022-12-0164692293110.3897/folmed.64.e8548685486In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitusGergana Z. Vazheva0Liliya G. Zisova1Elena A. Becheva2Veselin R. Chonov3Valentin D. Dichev4Tsonka M. Miteva-Katrandzhieva5Zoya V. Rachkovska6Maria M. Orbetzova7Veselin T. Belovezhdov8Medical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivMedical University of PlovdivClinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, St George University HospitalMedical University of PlovdivIntroduction: Onychomycosis is a frequent nail disorder, accounting for up to 50% of all nail problems. Treatment of onychomycosis is expensive and requires a long time of antifungal medications. Consequently, a proper and faster diagnosis is necessary. Especially for those patients with diabetes mellitus, where onychomycosis is among the most significant predictors of foot ulcer and possible severe complications.Aim: To compare the sensitivity, specificity, and turnaround time between direct microscopy, culture, histology, and real-time PCR. In addition, to compare the frequency and etiology of onychomycosis in patients with and without DM.Materials and methods: This study included 102 patients, divided into two groups. One group consisted of patients with diabetes mellitus and the other – without diabetes. Nail samples were collected and examined by direct KOH microscopic examination, culture, histology, and real-time PCR.Results: From the 102 patients with clinical onychomycosis, positive KOH was found in 38 (37.3%). Culture – 82 out of 102 samples (80.4%) were positive for dermatophytes, yeasts, and/or NDM. Positive histology samples were 32 (41.6%). The PCR was positive in 57 (55.9%) out of the 102. We discovered that there is no significant statistical difference in the etiology of the fungal infections between the two groups.Conclusions: All mycological investigations have their place in the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Direct microscopy, culture, and histology are useful methods for clinicians to diagnose and follow up the post-treatment period. The advantages of RT-PCR include obtaining results faster and accurately identifying fungi, thus becoming more valued in the diagnosis of OM.https://foliamedica.bg/article/85486/download/pdf/dermatophytosishistologyonychomycosisreal-ti |
| spellingShingle | Gergana Z. Vazheva Liliya G. Zisova Elena A. Becheva Veselin R. Chonov Valentin D. Dichev Tsonka M. Miteva-Katrandzhieva Zoya V. Rachkovska Maria M. Orbetzova Veselin T. Belovezhdov In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus Folia Medica dermatophytosis histology onychomycosis real-ti |
| title | In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | In search of dermatophytes – frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | in search of dermatophytes frequency and etiology of fungal infections in patients with and without diabetes mellitus |
| topic | dermatophytosis histology onychomycosis real-ti |
| url | https://foliamedica.bg/article/85486/download/pdf/ |
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