The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna
The use of pesticides to control pests, weeds, and diseases or to regulate plant growth is indispensable in agricultural production. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has led to significant concern about their potential negative impacts on health and the environment. Phosmet is one such...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/17034.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797289199592800256 |
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| author | Mustafa Ataş Ceyhun Bereketoglu |
| author_facet | Mustafa Ataş Ceyhun Bereketoglu |
| author_sort | Mustafa Ataş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of pesticides to control pests, weeds, and diseases or to regulate plant growth is indispensable in agricultural production. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has led to significant concern about their potential negative impacts on health and the environment. Phosmet is one such pesticide that is commonly used on plants and animals against cold moth, aphids, mites, suckers, and fruit flies. Here, we investigated the effects of phosmet on a model organism, Daphnia magna using acute and chronic toxicity endpoints such as lethality, mobility, genotoxicity, reproduction, and gene expression. We performed survival experiments in six-well plates at seven different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM) as well as the control in three replicates. We observed statistically significant mortality rates at 25 µM and above upon 24 h of exposure, and at 1 µM and above following 48 h of exposure. Genotoxicity analysis, reproduction assay and qPCR analysis were carried out at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 μM phosmet as these concentrations did not show any lethality. Comet assay showed that exposure to phosmet resulted in significant DNA damage in the cells. Interestingly, 0.1 μM phosmet produced more offspring per adult compared to the control group indicating a hormetic response. Gene expression profiles demonstrated several genes involved in different physiological pathways, including oxidative stress, detoxification, immune system, hypoxia and iron homeostasis. Taken together, our results indicate that phosmet has negative effects on Daphnia magna in a dose- and time-dependent manner and could also induce lethal and physiological toxicities to other aquatic organisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:00:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-957be96fb1f744f6b8561c02777ae69c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:00:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-957be96fb1f744f6b8561c02777ae69c2024-03-01T15:05:28ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-02-0112e1703410.7717/peerj.17034The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magnaMustafa Ataş0Ceyhun Bereketoglu1Managing Chemical, Biological, Radioactive, Nuclear Risks, Iskenderun Technical University, Hatay, TurkeyDepartment of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, TurkeyThe use of pesticides to control pests, weeds, and diseases or to regulate plant growth is indispensable in agricultural production. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has led to significant concern about their potential negative impacts on health and the environment. Phosmet is one such pesticide that is commonly used on plants and animals against cold moth, aphids, mites, suckers, and fruit flies. Here, we investigated the effects of phosmet on a model organism, Daphnia magna using acute and chronic toxicity endpoints such as lethality, mobility, genotoxicity, reproduction, and gene expression. We performed survival experiments in six-well plates at seven different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 25, 50, 100 μM) as well as the control in three replicates. We observed statistically significant mortality rates at 25 µM and above upon 24 h of exposure, and at 1 µM and above following 48 h of exposure. Genotoxicity analysis, reproduction assay and qPCR analysis were carried out at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 μM phosmet as these concentrations did not show any lethality. Comet assay showed that exposure to phosmet resulted in significant DNA damage in the cells. Interestingly, 0.1 μM phosmet produced more offspring per adult compared to the control group indicating a hormetic response. Gene expression profiles demonstrated several genes involved in different physiological pathways, including oxidative stress, detoxification, immune system, hypoxia and iron homeostasis. Taken together, our results indicate that phosmet has negative effects on Daphnia magna in a dose- and time-dependent manner and could also induce lethal and physiological toxicities to other aquatic organisms.https://peerj.com/articles/17034.pdfPhosmetDaphnia magnaComet assayReproductionGene expression |
| spellingShingle | Mustafa Ataş Ceyhun Bereketoglu The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna PeerJ Phosmet Daphnia magna Comet assay Reproduction Gene expression |
| title | The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna |
| title_full | The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna |
| title_fullStr | The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna |
| title_full_unstemmed | The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna |
| title_short | The toxicity assessment of phosmet on development, reproduction, and gene expression in Daphnia magna |
| title_sort | toxicity assessment of phosmet on development reproduction and gene expression in daphnia magna |
| topic | Phosmet Daphnia magna Comet assay Reproduction Gene expression |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/17034.pdf |
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