A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf
We perform a comprehensive search for optical precursor emission at the position of SN 2023ixf using data from the DLT40, ZTF, and ATLAS surveys. By comparing the current data set with precursor outburst hydrodynamical model light curves, we find that the probability of a significant outburst within...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acef18 |
| _version_ | 1797653014314483712 |
|---|---|
| author | Yize Dong David J. Sand Stefano Valenti K. Azalee Bostroem Jennifer E. Andrews Griffin Hosseinzadeh Emily Hoang Daryl Janzen Jacob E. Jencson Michael Lundquist Nicolas E. Meza Retamal Jeniveve Pearson Manisha Shrestha Joshua Haislip Vladimir Kouprianov Daniel E. Reichart |
| author_facet | Yize Dong David J. Sand Stefano Valenti K. Azalee Bostroem Jennifer E. Andrews Griffin Hosseinzadeh Emily Hoang Daryl Janzen Jacob E. Jencson Michael Lundquist Nicolas E. Meza Retamal Jeniveve Pearson Manisha Shrestha Joshua Haislip Vladimir Kouprianov Daniel E. Reichart |
| author_sort | Yize Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We perform a comprehensive search for optical precursor emission at the position of SN 2023ixf using data from the DLT40, ZTF, and ATLAS surveys. By comparing the current data set with precursor outburst hydrodynamical model light curves, we find that the probability of a significant outburst within 5 yr of explosion is low, and the circumstellar material (CSM) ejected during any possible precursor outburst is likely smaller than ∼0.015 M _⊙ . By comparing to a set of toy models, we find that, if there was a precursor outburst, the duration must have been shorter than ∼100 days for a typical brightness of M _r ≃ −9 mag or shorter than 200 days for M _r ≃ −8 mag; brighter, longer outbursts would have been discovered. Precursor activity like that observed in the normal Type II SN 2020tlf ( M _r ≃ −11.5) can be excluded in SN 2023ixf. If the dense CSM inferred by early flash spectroscopy and other studies is related to one or more precursor outbursts, then our observations indicate that any such outburst would have to be faint and only last for days to months, or it occurred more than 5 yr prior to the explosion. Alternatively, any dense, confined CSM may not be due to eruptive mass loss from a single red supergiant progenitor. Taken together, the results of SN 2023ixf and SN 2020tlf indicate that there may be more than one physical mechanism behind the dense CSM inferred around some normal Type II supernovae. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:38:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-957ceda2ff364637b1f7d89bd023e0e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T16:38:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-957ceda2ff364637b1f7d89bd023e0e82023-10-23T13:30:16ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0195712810.3847/1538-4357/acef18A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixfYize Dong0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-6371David J. Sand1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-380XStefano Valenti2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-0795K. Azalee Bostroem3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-444XJennifer E. Andrews4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-0062Griffin Hosseinzadeh5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-2974Emily Hoang6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-4755Daryl Janzen7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-3281Jacob E. Jencson8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-4007Michael Lundquist9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-3793Nicolas E. Meza Retamal10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3446Jeniveve Pearson11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0744-0047Manisha Shrestha12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-1874Joshua Haislip13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-805XVladimir Kouprianov14https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-5484Daniel E. Reichart15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3673Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA ; yizdong@ucdavis.eduSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA ; yizdong@ucdavis.eduSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USAGemini Observatory , 670 North A‘ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA ; yizdong@ucdavis.eduDepartment of Physics & Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan , 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAW.M. Keck Observatory , 65-1120 Māmalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743-8431, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA ; yizdong@ucdavis.eduSteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USASteward Observatory, University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , 120 East Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAWe perform a comprehensive search for optical precursor emission at the position of SN 2023ixf using data from the DLT40, ZTF, and ATLAS surveys. By comparing the current data set with precursor outburst hydrodynamical model light curves, we find that the probability of a significant outburst within 5 yr of explosion is low, and the circumstellar material (CSM) ejected during any possible precursor outburst is likely smaller than ∼0.015 M _⊙ . By comparing to a set of toy models, we find that, if there was a precursor outburst, the duration must have been shorter than ∼100 days for a typical brightness of M _r ≃ −9 mag or shorter than 200 days for M _r ≃ −8 mag; brighter, longer outbursts would have been discovered. Precursor activity like that observed in the normal Type II SN 2020tlf ( M _r ≃ −11.5) can be excluded in SN 2023ixf. If the dense CSM inferred by early flash spectroscopy and other studies is related to one or more precursor outbursts, then our observations indicate that any such outburst would have to be faint and only last for days to months, or it occurred more than 5 yr prior to the explosion. Alternatively, any dense, confined CSM may not be due to eruptive mass loss from a single red supergiant progenitor. Taken together, the results of SN 2023ixf and SN 2020tlf indicate that there may be more than one physical mechanism behind the dense CSM inferred around some normal Type II supernovae.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acef18Core-collapse supernovaeType II supernovaeCircumstellar matterStellar mass lossRed supergiant stars |
| spellingShingle | Yize Dong David J. Sand Stefano Valenti K. Azalee Bostroem Jennifer E. Andrews Griffin Hosseinzadeh Emily Hoang Daryl Janzen Jacob E. Jencson Michael Lundquist Nicolas E. Meza Retamal Jeniveve Pearson Manisha Shrestha Joshua Haislip Vladimir Kouprianov Daniel E. Reichart A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf The Astrophysical Journal Core-collapse supernovae Type II supernovae Circumstellar matter Stellar mass loss Red supergiant stars |
| title | A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Optical Search for Pre-explosion Outbursts from the Quiescent Progenitor of SN 2023ixf |
| title_sort | comprehensive optical search for pre explosion outbursts from the quiescent progenitor of sn 2023ixf |
| topic | Core-collapse supernovae Type II supernovae Circumstellar matter Stellar mass loss Red supergiant stars |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acef18 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yizedong acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT davidjsand acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT stefanovalenti acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT kazaleebostroem acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jennifereandrews acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT griffinhosseinzadeh acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT emilyhoang acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT daryljanzen acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jacobejencson acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT michaellundquist acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT nicolasemezaretamal acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jenivevepearson acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT manishashrestha acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT joshuahaislip acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT vladimirkouprianov acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT danielereichart acomprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT yizedong comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT davidjsand comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT stefanovalenti comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT kazaleebostroem comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jennifereandrews comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT griffinhosseinzadeh comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT emilyhoang comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT daryljanzen comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jacobejencson comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT michaellundquist comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT nicolasemezaretamal comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT jenivevepearson comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT manishashrestha comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT joshuahaislip comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT vladimirkouprianov comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf AT danielereichart comprehensiveopticalsearchforpreexplosionoutburstsfromthequiescentprogenitorofsn2023ixf |