Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize
Fungal endophytes are not widely known for their role in bioactive metabolite production and salinity stress alleviation in different crop plants. Presently, we investigated the salt stress (NaCl, KCl, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) mitigation capabilities of fungal endophy...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2263 |
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| author | Farzana Gul Jan Muhammad Hamayun Anwar Hussain Gul Jan Sajid Ali Sumera Afzal Khan In-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Farzana Gul Jan Muhammad Hamayun Anwar Hussain Gul Jan Sajid Ali Sumera Afzal Khan In-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Farzana Gul Jan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungal endophytes are not widely known for their role in bioactive metabolite production and salinity stress alleviation in different crop plants. Presently, we investigated the salt stress (NaCl, KCl, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) mitigation capabilities of fungal endophyte <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> (FH15) isolated from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. The pure culture filtrate (CF) of <i>C. membranifaciens</i> revealed siderophore production and solubilization of phosphate, with high levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA: 35.8µg/mL), phenolics (70 µg/mL), and flavonoids (50 µg/mL) by using a UV spectrophotometer. The LC/MS analysis of the CF showed different phenols and flavonoids that were identified as Salicylic acid, Baicalein, Aconitic acid, Feruloylquinic acid, Coniferyl aldehyde hexoside, Pentose, Chlorogenic acid, Myricetin, Propoxyphene, and Amino-flunitrazepam. Inoculation of maize seedlings with <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.05) enhanced the fresh and dry biomass, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contents under 100 mM salt stress conditions. Similarly, the catalase, peroxidase activity, phenols, proline flavonoids and relative water contents (RWC) of the maize plants were enhanced. More interestingly, the inoculation of <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> on maize revealed a higher endogenous IAA level as compared to non-inoculated control plants. Endophyte <i>C. membranifaciens</i> inoculation on maize seedlings under salt stress revealed a 20.87% and 16.60% increase in fresh and dry biomass, as well as significantly enhanced root shoot length and allied growth attributes, in addition to an alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity stress. Conclusively, endophytic <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> significantly enhanced the growth attributes of maize and mitigated the adverse effects of salinity stress. Such endophytic fungal strain could be used for further field trails to enhance agricultural productivity and facilitate sustainable agricultural practices. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:54:39Z |
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| id | doaj.art-95807775ceac4c8790f8b059e54866d9 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-95807775ceac4c8790f8b059e54866d92023-11-23T22:24:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-011210226310.3390/agronomy12102263Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in MaizeFarzana Gul Jan0Muhammad Hamayun1Anwar Hussain2Gul Jan3Sajid Ali4Sumera Afzal Khan5In-Jung Lee6Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaCenter of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, PakistanDepartment of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, KoreaFungal endophytes are not widely known for their role in bioactive metabolite production and salinity stress alleviation in different crop plants. Presently, we investigated the salt stress (NaCl, KCl, and H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) mitigation capabilities of fungal endophyte <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> (FH15) isolated from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. The pure culture filtrate (CF) of <i>C. membranifaciens</i> revealed siderophore production and solubilization of phosphate, with high levels of indoleacetic acid (IAA: 35.8µg/mL), phenolics (70 µg/mL), and flavonoids (50 µg/mL) by using a UV spectrophotometer. The LC/MS analysis of the CF showed different phenols and flavonoids that were identified as Salicylic acid, Baicalein, Aconitic acid, Feruloylquinic acid, Coniferyl aldehyde hexoside, Pentose, Chlorogenic acid, Myricetin, Propoxyphene, and Amino-flunitrazepam. Inoculation of maize seedlings with <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.05) enhanced the fresh and dry biomass, carotenoid, and chlorophyll contents under 100 mM salt stress conditions. Similarly, the catalase, peroxidase activity, phenols, proline flavonoids and relative water contents (RWC) of the maize plants were enhanced. More interestingly, the inoculation of <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> on maize revealed a higher endogenous IAA level as compared to non-inoculated control plants. Endophyte <i>C. membranifaciens</i> inoculation on maize seedlings under salt stress revealed a 20.87% and 16.60% increase in fresh and dry biomass, as well as significantly enhanced root shoot length and allied growth attributes, in addition to an alleviation of the adverse effects of salinity stress. Conclusively, endophytic <i>C</i>. <i>membranifaciens</i> significantly enhanced the growth attributes of maize and mitigated the adverse effects of salinity stress. Such endophytic fungal strain could be used for further field trails to enhance agricultural productivity and facilitate sustainable agricultural practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2263endophytic fungi<i>Candida membranifaciens</i>maizesalt stressIAAphenols |
| spellingShingle | Farzana Gul Jan Muhammad Hamayun Anwar Hussain Gul Jan Sajid Ali Sumera Afzal Khan In-Jung Lee Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize Agronomy endophytic fungi <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> maize salt stress IAA phenols |
| title | Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize |
| title_full | Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize |
| title_fullStr | Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize |
| title_short | Endophytic <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> from <i>Euphorbia milii</i> L. Alleviate Salt Stress Damages in Maize |
| title_sort | endophytic i candida membranifaciens i from i euphorbia milii i l alleviate salt stress damages in maize |
| topic | endophytic fungi <i>Candida membranifaciens</i> maize salt stress IAA phenols |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2263 |
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