Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics
Mucin (Mu), a biological substance extracted from jellyfish (<i>Aurelia aurita</i>), was used to reduce the toxic effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) combined with phenanthrene (Phe) in the aquatic environment of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), among other aquatic orga...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1427 |
| _version_ | 1797503589113921536 |
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| author | Sun Woo Geum Min-Kyeong Yeo |
| author_facet | Sun Woo Geum Min-Kyeong Yeo |
| author_sort | Sun Woo Geum |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mucin (Mu), a biological substance extracted from jellyfish (<i>Aurelia aurita</i>), was used to reduce the toxic effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) combined with phenanthrene (Phe) in the aquatic environment of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), among other aquatic organisms. Mu showed a high binding capacity, as it bound to 92.84% and 92.87% of the PS-NPs (concentration of 2.0 mg/L) after 0.5 h and 8 h, respectively. A zebrafish embryo development test was conducted to check for any reduction in toxicity by Mu. When exposed to PS-NP + Mu and PS-NP + Phe + Mu, respectively, the hatching rates were 88.33 ± 20.21% and 93.33 ± 2.89%, respectively; these results were not significantly different from those of the control group. However, the hatching rate with the addition of Mu increased, compared to that of the PS-NP (71.83 ± 13.36%) and Phe (37.50 ± 19.83%) treatments, and the morphological abnormality rate decreased. The presence of Mu was also found to obstruct the absorption of PS-NP and PS-NP + Phe by the zebrafish. When zebrafish embryos were exposed to PS-NP at a concentration of 5.0 mg/L, the hatching rate differed significantly from that of the control group, and the expression of CAT and p53 genes increased significantly, but the expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly. An mRNA sequence analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of the test group containing Mu were similar to those of the control group. These results infer that Mu can be used as a biological material to collect and remove PS-NPs from aquatic environments and reduce toxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9584665a0ffb42a8a809ab3beaf7403a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:52:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-9584665a0ffb42a8a809ab3beaf7403a2023-11-23T08:54:02ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-04-01129142710.3390/nano12091427Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with NanoplasticsSun Woo Geum0Min-Kyeong Yeo1Department of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaDepartment of Applied Environmental Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, KoreaMucin (Mu), a biological substance extracted from jellyfish (<i>Aurelia aurita</i>), was used to reduce the toxic effect of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NP) combined with phenanthrene (Phe) in the aquatic environment of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), among other aquatic organisms. Mu showed a high binding capacity, as it bound to 92.84% and 92.87% of the PS-NPs (concentration of 2.0 mg/L) after 0.5 h and 8 h, respectively. A zebrafish embryo development test was conducted to check for any reduction in toxicity by Mu. When exposed to PS-NP + Mu and PS-NP + Phe + Mu, respectively, the hatching rates were 88.33 ± 20.21% and 93.33 ± 2.89%, respectively; these results were not significantly different from those of the control group. However, the hatching rate with the addition of Mu increased, compared to that of the PS-NP (71.83 ± 13.36%) and Phe (37.50 ± 19.83%) treatments, and the morphological abnormality rate decreased. The presence of Mu was also found to obstruct the absorption of PS-NP and PS-NP + Phe by the zebrafish. When zebrafish embryos were exposed to PS-NP at a concentration of 5.0 mg/L, the hatching rate differed significantly from that of the control group, and the expression of CAT and p53 genes increased significantly, but the expression of Bcl-2 decreased significantly. An mRNA sequence analysis revealed that the gene expression levels of the test group containing Mu were similar to those of the control group. These results infer that Mu can be used as a biological material to collect and remove PS-NPs from aquatic environments and reduce toxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1427polystyrene nanoplasticsjellyfish mucinreduce toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Sun Woo Geum Min-Kyeong Yeo Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics Nanomaterials polystyrene nanoplastics jellyfish mucin reduce toxicity |
| title | Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics |
| title_full | Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics |
| title_fullStr | Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics |
| title_short | Reduction in Toxicity of Polystyrene Nanoplastics Combined with Phenanthrene through Binding of Jellyfish Mucin with Nanoplastics |
| title_sort | reduction in toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics combined with phenanthrene through binding of jellyfish mucin with nanoplastics |
| topic | polystyrene nanoplastics jellyfish mucin reduce toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/9/1427 |
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