Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition
Background: Using smartphones during a task that requires upright posture is suggested to be detrimental for the overall motor performance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of age and specific aspects of cognitive function on walking and standing tasks in the presence of smartphone us...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/7/987 |
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| author | Tayla B. Lino Gabriella S. Scarmagnan Sidney A. Sobrinho-Junior Giovanna M. F. Tessari Glaucia H. Gonçalves Hugo M. Pereira Gustavo Christofoletti |
| author_facet | Tayla B. Lino Gabriella S. Scarmagnan Sidney A. Sobrinho-Junior Giovanna M. F. Tessari Glaucia H. Gonçalves Hugo M. Pereira Gustavo Christofoletti |
| author_sort | Tayla B. Lino |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Using smartphones during a task that requires upright posture is suggested to be detrimental for the overall motor performance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of age and specific aspects of cognitive function on walking and standing tasks in the presence of smartphone use. Methods: 51 older (36 women) and 50 young (35 women), mean age: 66.5 ± 6.3 and 22.3 ± 1.7 years, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The impact of using a smartphone was assessed during a dynamic (timed up and go, TUG) and a static balance test (performed on a force platform). Multivariate analyses of variance were applied to verify main effects of age, task, estimates of cognitive function and interactions. Results: Compared to young, older individuals exhibited a poorer performance on the dynamic and on the static test (age effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). Dual-tasking with a smartphone had a negative impact on both groups (task effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). The negative impact, however, was greater in the older group (age × task effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). Executive function and verbal fluency partially explained results of the dynamic and static tests, respectively. Conclusions: The negative impact of using a smartphone while performing tasks similar to daily activities is higher in older compared to young people. Subclinical deficits in distinct aspects of cognitive function partially explain the decreased performance when dual-tasking. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-958a339b1ac545ba9112d125f004861c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-958a339b1ac545ba9112d125f004861c2023-11-18T18:33:44ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252023-06-0113798710.3390/brainsci13070987Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and CognitionTayla B. Lino0Gabriella S. Scarmagnan1Sidney A. Sobrinho-Junior2Giovanna M. F. Tessari3Glaucia H. Gonçalves4Hugo M. Pereira5Gustavo Christofoletti6School of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilSchool of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilDepartment of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OU 73019, USASchool of Medicine, Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS, Campo Grande 79060-900, BrazilBackground: Using smartphones during a task that requires upright posture is suggested to be detrimental for the overall motor performance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of age and specific aspects of cognitive function on walking and standing tasks in the presence of smartphone use. Methods: 51 older (36 women) and 50 young (35 women), mean age: 66.5 ± 6.3 and 22.3 ± 1.7 years, respectively, were enrolled in this study. The impact of using a smartphone was assessed during a dynamic (timed up and go, TUG) and a static balance test (performed on a force platform). Multivariate analyses of variance were applied to verify main effects of age, task, estimates of cognitive function and interactions. Results: Compared to young, older individuals exhibited a poorer performance on the dynamic and on the static test (age effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). Dual-tasking with a smartphone had a negative impact on both groups (task effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). The negative impact, however, was greater in the older group (age × task effect: <i>p</i> = 0.001 for both variables). Executive function and verbal fluency partially explained results of the dynamic and static tests, respectively. Conclusions: The negative impact of using a smartphone while performing tasks similar to daily activities is higher in older compared to young people. Subclinical deficits in distinct aspects of cognitive function partially explain the decreased performance when dual-tasking.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/7/987smartphonecell phonepedestrianmultitasking behaviorgaitmobility |
| spellingShingle | Tayla B. Lino Gabriella S. Scarmagnan Sidney A. Sobrinho-Junior Giovanna M. F. Tessari Glaucia H. Gonçalves Hugo M. Pereira Gustavo Christofoletti Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition Brain Sciences smartphone cell phone pedestrian multitasking behavior gait mobility |
| title | Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition |
| title_full | Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition |
| title_short | Impact of Using Smartphone While Walking or Standing: A Study Focused on Age and Cognition |
| title_sort | impact of using smartphone while walking or standing a study focused on age and cognition |
| topic | smartphone cell phone pedestrian multitasking behavior gait mobility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/13/7/987 |
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