Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future
The cell wall of brown algae contains alginate as a major constituent. This anionic polymer is a composite of β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannuronate (M) and α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-guluronate (G). Alginate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3375 |
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| author | Noora Barzkar Ruilong Sheng Muhammad Sohail Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Reza Nahavandi |
| author_facet | Noora Barzkar Ruilong Sheng Muhammad Sohail Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Reza Nahavandi |
| author_sort | Noora Barzkar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cell wall of brown algae contains alginate as a major constituent. This anionic polymer is a composite of β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannuronate (M) and α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-guluronate (G). Alginate can be degraded into oligosaccharides; both the polymer and its products exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities and, hence, find many commercial applications. Alginate is attacked by various enzymes, collectively termed alginate lyases, that degrade glycosidic bonds through β-elimination. Considering the abundance of brown algae in marine ecosystems, alginate is an important source of nutrients for marine organisms, and therefore, alginate lyases play a significant role in marine carbon recycling. Various marine microorganisms, particularly those that thrive in association with brown algae, have been reported as producers of alginate lyases. Conceivably, the marine-derived alginate lyases demonstrate salt tolerance, and many are activated in the presence of salts and, therefore, find applications in the food industry. Therefore, this review summarizes the structural and biochemical features of marine bacterial alginate lyases along with their applications. This comprehensive information can aid in the expansion of future prospects of alginate lyases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9591b46fcf934d82b196006e44ce5adb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:05:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-9591b46fcf934d82b196006e44ce5adb2023-11-23T14:27:48ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-05-012711337510.3390/molecules27113375Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable FutureNoora Barzkar0Ruilong Sheng1Muhammad Sohail2Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi3Olga Babich4Stanislav Sukhikh5Reza Nahavandi6Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas 3995, IranCQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, PortugalDepartment of Microbiology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, PakistanPersian Gulf and Oman Sea Ecology Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas 9145, IranInstitute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, RussiaInstitute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, Kaliningrad 236016, RussiaAnimal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 8361, IranThe cell wall of brown algae contains alginate as a major constituent. This anionic polymer is a composite of β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannuronate (M) and α-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-guluronate (G). Alginate can be degraded into oligosaccharides; both the polymer and its products exhibit antioxidative, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities and, hence, find many commercial applications. Alginate is attacked by various enzymes, collectively termed alginate lyases, that degrade glycosidic bonds through β-elimination. Considering the abundance of brown algae in marine ecosystems, alginate is an important source of nutrients for marine organisms, and therefore, alginate lyases play a significant role in marine carbon recycling. Various marine microorganisms, particularly those that thrive in association with brown algae, have been reported as producers of alginate lyases. Conceivably, the marine-derived alginate lyases demonstrate salt tolerance, and many are activated in the presence of salts and, therefore, find applications in the food industry. Therefore, this review summarizes the structural and biochemical features of marine bacterial alginate lyases along with their applications. This comprehensive information can aid in the expansion of future prospects of alginate lyases.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3375alginatealginate oligosaccharides (AOs)alginate lyasemarine bacteriabrown algaeapplications |
| spellingShingle | Noora Barzkar Ruilong Sheng Muhammad Sohail Saeid Tamadoni Jahromi Olga Babich Stanislav Sukhikh Reza Nahavandi Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future Molecules alginate alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) alginate lyase marine bacteria brown algae applications |
| title | Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future |
| title_full | Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future |
| title_fullStr | Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future |
| title_short | Alginate Lyases from Marine Bacteria: An Enzyme Ocean for Sustainable Future |
| title_sort | alginate lyases from marine bacteria an enzyme ocean for sustainable future |
| topic | alginate alginate oligosaccharides (AOs) alginate lyase marine bacteria brown algae applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/11/3375 |
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