Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media
Irrigation water is a primary source of fresh produce contamination by bacteria during the preharvest, particularly in hydroponic systems where the control of pests and pathogens is a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a <i>Listeria</i> biosensor using plati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5773 |
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| author | Raminderdeep K. Sidhu Nicholas D. Cavallaro Cicero C. Pola Michelle D. Danyluk Eric S. McLamore Carmen L. Gomes |
| author_facet | Raminderdeep K. Sidhu Nicholas D. Cavallaro Cicero C. Pola Michelle D. Danyluk Eric S. McLamore Carmen L. Gomes |
| author_sort | Raminderdeep K. Sidhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Irrigation water is a primary source of fresh produce contamination by bacteria during the preharvest, particularly in hydroponic systems where the control of pests and pathogens is a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a <i>Listeria</i> biosensor using platinum interdigitated microelectrodes (Pt-IME). The sensor is incorporated into a particle/sediment trap for the real-time analysis of irrigation water in a hydroponic lettuce system. We demonstrate the application of this system using a smartphone-based potentiostat for rapid on-site analysis of water quality. A detailed characterization of the electrochemical behavior was conducted in the presence/absence of DNA and <i>Listeria</i> spp., which was followed by calibration in various solutions with and without flow. In flow conditions (100 mL samples), the aptasensor had a sensitivity of 3.37 ± 0.21 kΩ log-CFU<sup>−1</sup> mL, and the LOD was 48 ± 12 CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> with a linear range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>. In stagnant solution with no flow, the aptasensor performance was significantly improved in buffer, vegetable broth, and hydroponic media. Sensor hysteresis ranged from 2 to 16% after rinsing in a strong basic solution (direct reuse) and was insignificant after removing the aptamer via washing in Piranha solution (reuse after adsorption with fresh aptamer). This is the first demonstration of an aptasensor used to monitor microbial water quality for hydroponic lettuce in real time using a smartphone-based acquisition system for volumes that conform with the regulatory standards. The aptasensor demonstrated a recovery of 90% and may be reused a limited number of times with minor washing steps. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95949dbdc56647f181fa14a0b1e637d3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:42:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-95949dbdc56647f181fa14a0b1e637d32023-11-20T16:43:24ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-10-012020577310.3390/s20205773Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth MediaRaminderdeep K. Sidhu0Nicholas D. Cavallaro1Cicero C. Pola2Michelle D. Danyluk3Eric S. McLamore4Carmen L. Gomes5Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USAAgricultural & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAFood Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USAAgricultural & Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USAIrrigation water is a primary source of fresh produce contamination by bacteria during the preharvest, particularly in hydroponic systems where the control of pests and pathogens is a major challenge. In this work, we demonstrate the development of a <i>Listeria</i> biosensor using platinum interdigitated microelectrodes (Pt-IME). The sensor is incorporated into a particle/sediment trap for the real-time analysis of irrigation water in a hydroponic lettuce system. We demonstrate the application of this system using a smartphone-based potentiostat for rapid on-site analysis of water quality. A detailed characterization of the electrochemical behavior was conducted in the presence/absence of DNA and <i>Listeria</i> spp., which was followed by calibration in various solutions with and without flow. In flow conditions (100 mL samples), the aptasensor had a sensitivity of 3.37 ± 0.21 kΩ log-CFU<sup>−1</sup> mL, and the LOD was 48 ± 12 CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> with a linear range of 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>. In stagnant solution with no flow, the aptasensor performance was significantly improved in buffer, vegetable broth, and hydroponic media. Sensor hysteresis ranged from 2 to 16% after rinsing in a strong basic solution (direct reuse) and was insignificant after removing the aptamer via washing in Piranha solution (reuse after adsorption with fresh aptamer). This is the first demonstration of an aptasensor used to monitor microbial water quality for hydroponic lettuce in real time using a smartphone-based acquisition system for volumes that conform with the regulatory standards. The aptasensor demonstrated a recovery of 90% and may be reused a limited number of times with minor washing steps.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5773food safetyelectrochemical sensingfoodborne pathogenfresh produceinterdigitated electrodessensor analytic point solution |
| spellingShingle | Raminderdeep K. Sidhu Nicholas D. Cavallaro Cicero C. Pola Michelle D. Danyluk Eric S. McLamore Carmen L. Gomes Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media Sensors food safety electrochemical sensing foodborne pathogen fresh produce interdigitated electrodes sensor analytic point solution |
| title | Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media |
| title_full | Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media |
| title_fullStr | Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media |
| title_short | Planar Interdigitated Aptasensor for Flow-Through Detection of <i>Listeria</i> spp. in Hydroponic Lettuce Growth Media |
| title_sort | planar interdigitated aptasensor for flow through detection of i listeria i spp in hydroponic lettuce growth media |
| topic | food safety electrochemical sensing foodborne pathogen fresh produce interdigitated electrodes sensor analytic point solution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/20/5773 |
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