The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment
Duckweed (<i>Lemna</i>) is a possible solution for the treatment of aqueous waste streams and the simultaneous provision of protein-rich biomass. Nitrification-Denitrification effluent (NDNE) from pig manure treatment has been previously used as a growing medium for duckweed. This study...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3189 |
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| author | Marie Lambert Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Katleen Raes Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers |
| author_facet | Marie Lambert Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Katleen Raes Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers |
| author_sort | Marie Lambert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Duckweed (<i>Lemna</i>) is a possible solution for the treatment of aqueous waste streams and the simultaneous provision of protein-rich biomass. Nitrification-Denitrification effluent (NDNE) from pig manure treatment has been previously used as a growing medium for duckweed. This study investigated the use of a continuous duckweed cultivation system to treat NDNE as a stand-alone technology. For this purpose, a system with a continuous supply of waste streams from the pig manure treatment, continuous biomass production, and continuous discharge that meets the legal standards in Flanders (Belgium) was simulated for a 175-day growing season. In this simulation, salt accumulation was taken into account. To prevent accumulating salts from reaching a toxic concentration and consequently inhibiting growth, the cultivation system must be buffered, which can be achieved by altering the depth of the system. To determine the minimum depth of such a system, a tray experiment was set up. For that, salt accumulation data obtained from previous research were used for simulating systems with different pond depths. It was found that a depth of at least 1 m is needed to prevent a significant relative growth inhibition at the end of the growing season compared to the start. This implies a high water consumption (5–10 times more than maize). As a response, a second cultivation system was investigated for the use of more concentrated NDNE. For this purpose, salt tolerance experiments were conducted on synthetic and biological media. Surprisingly, it was observed that duckweed grows better on diluted NDNE (to 75% NDNE, or EC of 8 mS/cm) than on a synthetic medium (EC of 1.5 mS/cm), indicating the potential of such a system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:51Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:35:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-95bb07216bb949b3862e007790127bc92023-11-24T11:53:48ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-11-011123318910.3390/plants11233189The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure TreatmentMarie Lambert0Reindert Devlamynck1Marcella Fernandes de Souza2Jan Leenknegt3Katleen Raes4Mia Eeckhout5Erik Meers6Provincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (Inagro vzw), Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare-Beitem, BelgiumProvincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (Inagro vzw), Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare-Beitem, BelgiumLab for Bioresource Recovery, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumProvincial Research and Advice Centre for Agriculture and Horticulture (Inagro vzw), Ieperseweg 87, 8800 Roeselare-Beitem, BelgiumResearch Unit VEG-i-TEC, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, St-Martems Latemlaan 2B, 8500 Kortrijk, BelgiumResearch Unit of Cereal and Feed Technology, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumLab for Bioresource Recovery, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDuckweed (<i>Lemna</i>) is a possible solution for the treatment of aqueous waste streams and the simultaneous provision of protein-rich biomass. Nitrification-Denitrification effluent (NDNE) from pig manure treatment has been previously used as a growing medium for duckweed. This study investigated the use of a continuous duckweed cultivation system to treat NDNE as a stand-alone technology. For this purpose, a system with a continuous supply of waste streams from the pig manure treatment, continuous biomass production, and continuous discharge that meets the legal standards in Flanders (Belgium) was simulated for a 175-day growing season. In this simulation, salt accumulation was taken into account. To prevent accumulating salts from reaching a toxic concentration and consequently inhibiting growth, the cultivation system must be buffered, which can be achieved by altering the depth of the system. To determine the minimum depth of such a system, a tray experiment was set up. For that, salt accumulation data obtained from previous research were used for simulating systems with different pond depths. It was found that a depth of at least 1 m is needed to prevent a significant relative growth inhibition at the end of the growing season compared to the start. This implies a high water consumption (5–10 times more than maize). As a response, a second cultivation system was investigated for the use of more concentrated NDNE. For this purpose, salt tolerance experiments were conducted on synthetic and biological media. Surprisingly, it was observed that duckweed grows better on diluted NDNE (to 75% NDNE, or EC of 8 mS/cm) than on a synthetic medium (EC of 1.5 mS/cm), indicating the potential of such a system.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3189Lemnaceaalternative proteinagricultural wastewaterwater recoveryaccumulationcontinuous systems |
| spellingShingle | Marie Lambert Reindert Devlamynck Marcella Fernandes de Souza Jan Leenknegt Katleen Raes Mia Eeckhout Erik Meers The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment Plants Lemnacea alternative protein agricultural wastewater water recovery accumulation continuous systems |
| title | The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment |
| title_full | The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment |
| title_short | The Impact of Salt Accumulation on the Growth of Duckweed in a Continuous System for Pig Manure Treatment |
| title_sort | impact of salt accumulation on the growth of duckweed in a continuous system for pig manure treatment |
| topic | Lemnacea alternative protein agricultural wastewater water recovery accumulation continuous systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/23/3189 |
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