Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages
Abstract Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis has a complex and inflammatory origin. Among the great variety of medications it is increasingly common to use herbal medicines due to the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-12-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03682-9 |
| _version_ | 1797376783478161408 |
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| author | Mostafa Ghardashpour Majid Saeedi Reza Negarandeh Seyed Ehsan Enderami Anahita Ghorbani Anahita Lotfizadeh Ali Jafari Alireza Arezoumandi Hadi Hassannia Tahereh Molania |
| author_facet | Mostafa Ghardashpour Majid Saeedi Reza Negarandeh Seyed Ehsan Enderami Anahita Ghorbani Anahita Lotfizadeh Ali Jafari Alireza Arezoumandi Hadi Hassannia Tahereh Molania |
| author_sort | Mostafa Ghardashpour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis has a complex and inflammatory origin. Among the great variety of medications it is increasingly common to use herbal medicines due to the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde and the lack of studies related to the effectiveness of its nano form; This study investigates the effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on the healing rate of recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions. Methods In a laboratory experiment, cinnamaldehyde was converted into niosomal nanoparticles. The niosome vesicles diameter and polydispersity index were measured at 25°C using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Panalytical technologies: UK) and Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Malvern Instruments Worcestershire: UK). After characterizing these particles, the (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) [XTT] assay was used to assess the toxicity of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblast (HGF) and macrophage (THP-1) cells. By determining the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β cytokines using ELISA kits, the level of tissue repair and anti-inflammatory capabilities of these two substances were evaluated. Results The size and loading rate of the cinnamaldehyde nanoparticles were established after its creation. The optimized nanovesicle exhibited the following characteristics: particle size of 228.75 ± 2.38 nm, PDI of 0.244 ± 0.01, the zeta potential of -10.87 ± 1.09 mV and the drug encapsulation percentage of 66.72 ± 3.93%. PDIs range was between 0.242–0.274. The zeta potential values at 25°C were from -2.67 to -12.9 mV. The results of the XTT test demonstrated that nano cinnamaldehyde exhibited dose-dependent toxicity effects. Moreover, nano cinnamaldehyde released more TGF-β and had better reparative effects when taken at lower concentrations than cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion Nano cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are effective in repairing tissue when used in non-toxic amounts. After confirmation in animal models, it is envisaged that these substances can be utilized to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:43:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95db34bf0aa14cd48346640f8db4f958 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:43:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-95db34bf0aa14cd48346640f8db4f9582023-12-24T12:31:15ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312023-12-0123111510.1186/s12903-023-03682-9Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophagesMostafa Ghardashpour0Majid Saeedi1Reza Negarandeh2Seyed Ehsan Enderami3Anahita Ghorbani4Anahita Lotfizadeh5Ali Jafari6Alireza Arezoumandi7Hadi Hassannia8Tahereh Molania9DentistDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesImmunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDentistDentistDentistDepartment of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Recurrent aphthous stomatitis has a complex and inflammatory origin. Among the great variety of medications it is increasingly common to use herbal medicines due to the adverse side effects of chemical medications. Considering the anti-inflammatory properties of cinnamaldehyde and the lack of studies related to the effectiveness of its nano form; This study investigates the effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on the healing rate of recurrent aphthous stomatitis lesions. Methods In a laboratory experiment, cinnamaldehyde was converted into niosomal nanoparticles. The niosome vesicles diameter and polydispersity index were measured at 25°C using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Panalytical technologies: UK) and Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Malvern Instruments Worcestershire: UK). After characterizing these particles, the (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) [XTT] assay was used to assess the toxicity of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblast (HGF) and macrophage (THP-1) cells. By determining the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β cytokines using ELISA kits, the level of tissue repair and anti-inflammatory capabilities of these two substances were evaluated. Results The size and loading rate of the cinnamaldehyde nanoparticles were established after its creation. The optimized nanovesicle exhibited the following characteristics: particle size of 228.75 ± 2.38 nm, PDI of 0.244 ± 0.01, the zeta potential of -10.87 ± 1.09 mV and the drug encapsulation percentage of 66.72 ± 3.93%. PDIs range was between 0.242–0.274. The zeta potential values at 25°C were from -2.67 to -12.9 mV. The results of the XTT test demonstrated that nano cinnamaldehyde exhibited dose-dependent toxicity effects. Moreover, nano cinnamaldehyde released more TGF-β and had better reparative effects when taken at lower concentrations than cinnamaldehyde. Conclusion Nano cinnamaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are effective in repairing tissue when used in non-toxic amounts. After confirmation in animal models, it is envisaged that these substances can be utilized to treat recurrent aphthous stomatitis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03682-9Aphthous stomatitisCinnamaldehydeHerbal medicineNano particleTissue repairTreatment |
| spellingShingle | Mostafa Ghardashpour Majid Saeedi Reza Negarandeh Seyed Ehsan Enderami Anahita Ghorbani Anahita Lotfizadeh Ali Jafari Alireza Arezoumandi Hadi Hassannia Tahereh Molania Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages BMC Oral Health Aphthous stomatitis Cinnamaldehyde Herbal medicine Nano particle Tissue repair Treatment |
| title | Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| title_full | Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| title_short | Anti-inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| title_sort | anti inflammatory and tissue repair effect of cinnamaldehyde and nano cinnamaldehyde on gingival fibroblasts and macrophages |
| topic | Aphthous stomatitis Cinnamaldehyde Herbal medicine Nano particle Tissue repair Treatment |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-023-03682-9 |
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