The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam
Among the slope hazards caused by rainfall, not all of them occur directly during storm washout, and the wetting–drying cycles’ effect on the rainfall–evaporation process is an important cause of shallow slope instability. In this study, taking the slope of the open-pit coal mine dumps in Cam Pha, i...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| author | Van Son Bang Yi Wang Trong Vu Wei Zhou Xin Liu Zhongchen Ao Duc Nguyen Hien Pham Hoai Nguyen |
| author_facet | Van Son Bang Yi Wang Trong Vu Wei Zhou Xin Liu Zhongchen Ao Duc Nguyen Hien Pham Hoai Nguyen |
| author_sort | Van Son Bang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among the slope hazards caused by rainfall, not all of them occur directly during storm washout, and the wetting–drying cycles’ effect on the rainfall–evaporation process is an important cause of shallow slope instability. In this study, taking the slope of the open-pit coal mine dumps in Cam Pha, in the Quang Ninh region of Vietnam, as the research object, we carry out experiments on the physical properties of the rock body under different wetting–drying cycles, as well as numerical analyses. The results show that the wetting–drying cycles significantly affect the physical and mechanical parameters and permeability of the rock body. In the process of the wetting–drying cycle, a transient saturated zone occurs on the surface of the slope, and the range of the unsaturated zone inside the slope body decreases with the increase in the number of wetting–drying cycles. Moreover, the infiltration line keeps moving downward, but the rate of downward movement is slowed down by the decrease in the gradient of matrix suction affected by rainfall. Under the influence of the wetting–drying cycles, the slope displacement, plastic zone, and maximum shear strain increment range gradually approach the slope surface with the wetting–drying cycles, and the displacement peak gradually increases. A dump is a site for the centralized discharge of mining waste, formed by the crushing and stockpiling of the original rock formation. Bang Nau is the name of the dump considered in this study. After multiple rainfall events, the slope stability under five wetting–drying cycles decreases from 1.721 to 1.055, and the landslide mode changes from a whole landslide to a single-step shallow landslide, with a certain landslide risk. It is necessary to strengthen the slope stability as the landslide risk is very high, and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and inspection of the slope. |
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| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-95dce874c7c1414d9c5e5b3182676a952024-03-12T16:38:35ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-02-01145171110.3390/app14051711The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of VietnamVan Son Bang0Yi Wang1Trong Vu2Wei Zhou3Xin Liu4Zhongchen Ao5Duc Nguyen6Hien Pham7Hoai Nguyen8School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSurface Mining Department, Quang Ninh University of Industry, Dong Trieu 200000, VietnamState Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSurface Mining Department, Quang Ninh University of Industry, Dong Trieu 200000, VietnamSurface Mining Department, Quang Ninh University of Industry, Dong Trieu 200000, VietnamSurface Mining Department, Quang Ninh University of Industry, Dong Trieu 200000, VietnamAmong the slope hazards caused by rainfall, not all of them occur directly during storm washout, and the wetting–drying cycles’ effect on the rainfall–evaporation process is an important cause of shallow slope instability. In this study, taking the slope of the open-pit coal mine dumps in Cam Pha, in the Quang Ninh region of Vietnam, as the research object, we carry out experiments on the physical properties of the rock body under different wetting–drying cycles, as well as numerical analyses. The results show that the wetting–drying cycles significantly affect the physical and mechanical parameters and permeability of the rock body. In the process of the wetting–drying cycle, a transient saturated zone occurs on the surface of the slope, and the range of the unsaturated zone inside the slope body decreases with the increase in the number of wetting–drying cycles. Moreover, the infiltration line keeps moving downward, but the rate of downward movement is slowed down by the decrease in the gradient of matrix suction affected by rainfall. Under the influence of the wetting–drying cycles, the slope displacement, plastic zone, and maximum shear strain increment range gradually approach the slope surface with the wetting–drying cycles, and the displacement peak gradually increases. A dump is a site for the centralized discharge of mining waste, formed by the crushing and stockpiling of the original rock formation. Bang Nau is the name of the dump considered in this study. After multiple rainfall events, the slope stability under five wetting–drying cycles decreases from 1.721 to 1.055, and the landslide mode changes from a whole landslide to a single-step shallow landslide, with a certain landslide risk. It is necessary to strengthen the slope stability as the landslide risk is very high, and it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and inspection of the slope.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/5/1711open-pit mineslope stabilitydumplong-term wetting–drying cyclesrainfall intensity |
| spellingShingle | Van Son Bang Yi Wang Trong Vu Wei Zhou Xin Liu Zhongchen Ao Duc Nguyen Hien Pham Hoai Nguyen The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam Applied Sciences open-pit mine slope stability dump long-term wetting–drying cycles rainfall intensity |
| title | The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam |
| title_full | The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam |
| title_short | The Influence of Rainfall and Evaporation Wetting–Drying Cycles on the Open-Pit Coal Mine Dumps in Cam Pha, Quang Ninh Region of Vietnam |
| title_sort | influence of rainfall and evaporation wetting drying cycles on the open pit coal mine dumps in cam pha quang ninh region of vietnam |
| topic | open-pit mine slope stability dump long-term wetting–drying cycles rainfall intensity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/5/1711 |
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