The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage
BackgroundMalaria burden is still worrisome, while empirical evidence from malaria-eliminated countries including China may provide inspiration for the world.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate China's malaria hospitalization costs and explore its determinants.MethodsStratified multistage...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.994529/full |
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| author | Fangfei Chen Xiaoyu Chen Peng Gu Xiaodong Sang Ruijun Wu Miaomiao Tian Yisheng Ye Chengxu Long Ghose Bishwajit Lu Ji Da Feng Lei Yang Shangfeng Tang |
| author_facet | Fangfei Chen Xiaoyu Chen Peng Gu Xiaodong Sang Ruijun Wu Miaomiao Tian Yisheng Ye Chengxu Long Ghose Bishwajit Lu Ji Da Feng Lei Yang Shangfeng Tang |
| author_sort | Fangfei Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMalaria burden is still worrisome, while empirical evidence from malaria-eliminated countries including China may provide inspiration for the world.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate China's malaria hospitalization costs and explore its determinants.MethodsStratified multistage sampling across provincial, municipal, and county hospitals was conducted in 2017. All the malaria medical records were retrieved from 2014 to 2016 in 70 hospitals. Parametric and non-parametric methods were employed to estimate hospitalization costs, and the non-parametric bootstrap was used to compare hospitalization costs among sample areas and assessed the uncertainty of its differences. Quantile regressions were conducted to identify the determinants of hospitalization costs.ResultsThe median hospitalization costs of 1633 malaria inpatients were 628 USD. Medication and laboratory tests accounted for over 70% of total expenditure. The median reimbursement rate was 41.87%, and this number was even lower in higher-level hospitals (<35%) and among the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (<40%). Finally, health insurance type, hospital tier, clinical units, unknown fever, and comorbidity were the main determinants of hospitalization costs.ConclusionThe disparity of health protection for malaria hospitalization between rural and urban areas was noteworthy. Equivocal diagnosis and comorbidity are contributors of high cost as well. A reasonable payment system and enhanced capacities to treat malaria in a cost-effective way are suggested to reassure malaria economic burden. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:52:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95dd3d8ceb4240c59e4696fff1058983 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T14:52:42Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-95dd3d8ceb4240c59e4696fff10589832022-12-22T03:28:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-10-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.994529994529The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stageFangfei Chen0Xiaoyu Chen1Peng Gu2Xiaodong Sang3Ruijun Wu4Miaomiao Tian5Yisheng Ye6Chengxu Long7Ghose Bishwajit8Lu Ji9Da Feng10Lei Yang11Shangfeng Tang12School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaDivision of Comprehensive, China Science and Technology Exchange Center, Beijing, ChinaDivision of Comprehensive and Supervision, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, ChinaDivision of Strategy and Policy, China Biotechnology Development Center, Beijing, ChinaDivision of Public Rights Protection, Beijing Municipal Health Commission, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaFaculty of Social Science and Public Policy, King's College, London, United KingdomSchool of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaCollege of Public Administration, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaBackgroundMalaria burden is still worrisome, while empirical evidence from malaria-eliminated countries including China may provide inspiration for the world.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate China's malaria hospitalization costs and explore its determinants.MethodsStratified multistage sampling across provincial, municipal, and county hospitals was conducted in 2017. All the malaria medical records were retrieved from 2014 to 2016 in 70 hospitals. Parametric and non-parametric methods were employed to estimate hospitalization costs, and the non-parametric bootstrap was used to compare hospitalization costs among sample areas and assessed the uncertainty of its differences. Quantile regressions were conducted to identify the determinants of hospitalization costs.ResultsThe median hospitalization costs of 1633 malaria inpatients were 628 USD. Medication and laboratory tests accounted for over 70% of total expenditure. The median reimbursement rate was 41.87%, and this number was even lower in higher-level hospitals (<35%) and among the New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (<40%). Finally, health insurance type, hospital tier, clinical units, unknown fever, and comorbidity were the main determinants of hospitalization costs.ConclusionThe disparity of health protection for malaria hospitalization between rural and urban areas was noteworthy. Equivocal diagnosis and comorbidity are contributors of high cost as well. A reasonable payment system and enhanced capacities to treat malaria in a cost-effective way are suggested to reassure malaria economic burden.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.994529/fullhospitalization costsdisparitydeterminantsmalariaburden |
| spellingShingle | Fangfei Chen Xiaoyu Chen Peng Gu Xiaodong Sang Ruijun Wu Miaomiao Tian Yisheng Ye Chengxu Long Ghose Bishwajit Lu Ji Da Feng Lei Yang Shangfeng Tang The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage Frontiers in Public Health hospitalization costs disparity determinants malaria burden |
| title | The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage |
| title_full | The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage |
| title_fullStr | The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage |
| title_full_unstemmed | The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage |
| title_short | The economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during China's elimination stage |
| title_sort | economic burden of malaria inpatients and its determinants during china s elimination stage |
| topic | hospitalization costs disparity determinants malaria burden |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.994529/full |
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