Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The hemibiotrophic fungus <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>is the causal agent of Witches' broom, a disease of <it>Theobroma cacao</it>. The pathogen life cycle ends with the production of basidiocarps...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2009-08-01
|
| Series: | BMC Microbiology |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/9/158 |
| _version_ | 1818385572367958016 |
|---|---|
| author | Pereira Gonçalo AG Cascardo Júlio CM Brendel Martin Villela-Dias Cristiano Porto Ricardo F Muniz-Sobrinho Jairo S Silva Mylene M Góes-Neto Aristóteles Gramacho Karina P Silva Delmira C Pires Acássia BL |
| author_facet | Pereira Gonçalo AG Cascardo Júlio CM Brendel Martin Villela-Dias Cristiano Porto Ricardo F Muniz-Sobrinho Jairo S Silva Mylene M Góes-Neto Aristóteles Gramacho Karina P Silva Delmira C Pires Acássia BL |
| author_sort | Pereira Gonçalo AG |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The hemibiotrophic fungus <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>is the causal agent of Witches' broom, a disease of <it>Theobroma cacao</it>. The pathogen life cycle ends with the production of basidiocarps in dead tissues of the infected host. This structure generates millions of basidiospores that reinfect young tissues of the same or other plants. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the sexual phase of this fungus may help develop chemical, biological or genetic strategies to control the disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mycelium was morphologically analyzed prior to emergence of basidiomata by stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological changes in the mycelium before fructification show a pattern similar to other members of the order <it>Agaricales</it>. Changes and appearance of hyphae forming a surface layer by fusion were correlated with primordia emergence. The stages of hyphal nodules, aggregation, initial primordium and differentiated primordium were detected. The morphological analysis also allowed conclusions on morphogenetic aspects. To analyze the genes involved in basidiomata development, the expression of some selected EST genes from a non-normalized cDNA library, representative of the fruiting stage <it>of M. perniciosa</it>, was evaluated. A macroarray analysis was performed with 192 selected clones and hybridized with two distinct RNA pools extracted from mycelium in different phases of basidiomata formation. This analysis showed two groups of up and down-regulated genes in primordial phases of mycelia. Hydrophobin coding, glucose transporter, Rho-GEF, Rheb, extensin precursor and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase genes were grouped among the up-regulated. In the down-regulated group relevant genes clustered coding calmodulin, lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and PIM1. In addition, 12 genes with more detailed expression profiles were analyzed by RT-qPCR. One aegerolysin gene had a peak of expression in mycelium with primordia and a second in basidiomata, confirming their distinctiveness. The number of transcripts of the gene for plerototolysin B increased in reddish-pink mycelium and indicated an activation of the initial basidiomata production even at this culturing stage. Expression of the glucose transporter gene increased in mycelium after the stress, coinciding with a decrease of adenylate cyclase gene transcription. This indicated that nutrient uptake can be an important signal to trigger fruiting in this fungus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identification of genes with increased expression in this phase of the life cycle of <it>M. perniciosa </it>opens up new possibilities of controlling fungus spread as well as of genetic studies of biological processes that lead to basidiomycete fruiting. This is the first comparative morphologic study of the early development both <it>in vivo </it>and <it>in vitro </it>of <it>M. perniciosa </it>basidiomata and the first description of genes expressed at this stage of the fungal life cycle.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:40:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95e04be359b34bea9b74de6bd195e0d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2180 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:40:17Z |
| publishDate | 2009-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-95e04be359b34bea9b74de6bd195e0d02022-12-21T23:18:30ZengBMCBMC Microbiology1471-21802009-08-019115810.1186/1471-2180-9-158Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genesPereira Gonçalo AGCascardo Júlio CMBrendel MartinVillela-Dias CristianoPorto Ricardo FMuniz-Sobrinho Jairo SSilva Mylene MGóes-Neto AristótelesGramacho Karina PSilva Delmira CPires Acássia BL<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The hemibiotrophic fungus <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>is the causal agent of Witches' broom, a disease of <it>Theobroma cacao</it>. The pathogen life cycle ends with the production of basidiocarps in dead tissues of the infected host. This structure generates millions of basidiospores that reinfect young tissues of the same or other plants. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the sexual phase of this fungus may help develop chemical, biological or genetic strategies to control the disease.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mycelium was morphologically analyzed prior to emergence of basidiomata by stereomicroscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphological changes in the mycelium before fructification show a pattern similar to other members of the order <it>Agaricales</it>. Changes and appearance of hyphae forming a surface layer by fusion were correlated with primordia emergence. The stages of hyphal nodules, aggregation, initial primordium and differentiated primordium were detected. The morphological analysis also allowed conclusions on morphogenetic aspects. To analyze the genes involved in basidiomata development, the expression of some selected EST genes from a non-normalized cDNA library, representative of the fruiting stage <it>of M. perniciosa</it>, was evaluated. A macroarray analysis was performed with 192 selected clones and hybridized with two distinct RNA pools extracted from mycelium in different phases of basidiomata formation. This analysis showed two groups of up and down-regulated genes in primordial phases of mycelia. Hydrophobin coding, glucose transporter, Rho-GEF, Rheb, extensin precursor and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase genes were grouped among the up-regulated. In the down-regulated group relevant genes clustered coding calmodulin, lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase and PIM1. In addition, 12 genes with more detailed expression profiles were analyzed by RT-qPCR. One aegerolysin gene had a peak of expression in mycelium with primordia and a second in basidiomata, confirming their distinctiveness. The number of transcripts of the gene for plerototolysin B increased in reddish-pink mycelium and indicated an activation of the initial basidiomata production even at this culturing stage. Expression of the glucose transporter gene increased in mycelium after the stress, coinciding with a decrease of adenylate cyclase gene transcription. This indicated that nutrient uptake can be an important signal to trigger fruiting in this fungus.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The identification of genes with increased expression in this phase of the life cycle of <it>M. perniciosa </it>opens up new possibilities of controlling fungus spread as well as of genetic studies of biological processes that lead to basidiomycete fruiting. This is the first comparative morphologic study of the early development both <it>in vivo </it>and <it>in vitro </it>of <it>M. perniciosa </it>basidiomata and the first description of genes expressed at this stage of the fungal life cycle.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/9/158 |
| spellingShingle | Pereira Gonçalo AG Cascardo Júlio CM Brendel Martin Villela-Dias Cristiano Porto Ricardo F Muniz-Sobrinho Jairo S Silva Mylene M Góes-Neto Aristóteles Gramacho Karina P Silva Delmira C Pires Acássia BL Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes BMC Microbiology |
| title | Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| title_full | Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| title_fullStr | Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| title_short | Early development of <it>Moniliophthora perniciosa </it>basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| title_sort | early development of it moniliophthora perniciosa it basidiomata and developmentally regulated genes |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/9/158 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pereiragoncaloag earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT cascardojuliocm earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT brendelmartin earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT villeladiascristiano earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT portoricardof earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT munizsobrinhojairos earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT silvamylenem earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT goesnetoaristoteles earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT gramachokarinap earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT silvadelmirac earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes AT piresacassiabl earlydevelopmentofitmoniliophthoraperniciosaitbasidiomataanddevelopmentallyregulatedgenes |