Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not
This paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. A...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Advancements in Agricultural Development Inc
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Advancements in Agricultural Development |
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| Online Access: | https://agdevresearch.org/index.php/aad/article/view/351 |
| _version_ | 1797337558715203584 |
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| author | James R. Lindner Nicholas Lindner |
| author_facet | James R. Lindner Nicholas Lindner |
| author_sort | James R. Lindner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. All vague quantifiers must be described in methods and findings. The true limits of the scale and of each vague quantifier should be described. This information should be placed in the methods section. A five-point summated scale, for example, can be interpreted as follows: Strongly Agree = 5 - 4.51, Agree = 4.5 - 3.51, Neither Agree nor Disagree = 3.5 - 2.51, Disagree = 2.5 - 1.51, Strongly Disagree = 1.5 - 1. This paper also provides a rationale and convention for the use of nonstandardized effect size (ES) estimates to describe the magnitude and strength of the effect. This is accomplished by subtracting one summated M from another summated M and interpreted using the following convention: Small (ES = .19 and lower); Medium (ES = .20 - .49); and Large (ES = .50 and higher). The rationale for this is based on the intuitiveness of the measure, true limits of the scale, and scale intervals.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:12:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-95e5e1b480ea45b7aa70d120b080a992 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2690-5078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:12:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Advancements in Agricultural Development Inc |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advancements in Agricultural Development |
| spelling | doaj.art-95e5e1b480ea45b7aa70d120b080a9922024-01-31T21:36:34ZengAdvancements in Agricultural Development IncAdvancements in Agricultural Development2690-50782024-01-015210.37433/aad.v5i2.351Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or notJames R. Lindner0Nicholas Lindner1Auburn University, Alabama, USADuke University, North Carolina, USAThis paper provides a rationale and convention for discussing the true limits and interpretation of data collected using unidimensional, summated, Likert-type, and attitudinal scales used in research investigating human behavior, sociology, education, psychology, and other related fields of study. All vague quantifiers must be described in methods and findings. The true limits of the scale and of each vague quantifier should be described. This information should be placed in the methods section. A five-point summated scale, for example, can be interpreted as follows: Strongly Agree = 5 - 4.51, Agree = 4.5 - 3.51, Neither Agree nor Disagree = 3.5 - 2.51, Disagree = 2.5 - 1.51, Strongly Disagree = 1.5 - 1. This paper also provides a rationale and convention for the use of nonstandardized effect size (ES) estimates to describe the magnitude and strength of the effect. This is accomplished by subtracting one summated M from another summated M and interpreted using the following convention: Small (ES = .19 and lower); Medium (ES = .20 - .49); and Large (ES = .50 and higher). The rationale for this is based on the intuitiveness of the measure, true limits of the scale, and scale intervals. https://agdevresearch.org/index.php/aad/article/view/351human behavioral researchbehavioral scalingeducational researchpsychological researchtrue limitseffect size |
| spellingShingle | James R. Lindner Nicholas Lindner Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not Advancements in Agricultural Development human behavioral research behavioral scaling educational research psychological research true limits effect size |
| title | Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not |
| title_full | Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not |
| title_fullStr | Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not |
| title_short | Interpreting Likert type, summated, unidimensional, and attitudinal scales: I neither agree nor disagree, Likert or not |
| title_sort | interpreting likert type summated unidimensional and attitudinal scales i neither agree nor disagree likert or not |
| topic | human behavioral research behavioral scaling educational research psychological research true limits effect size |
| url | https://agdevresearch.org/index.php/aad/article/view/351 |
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