Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against
This review describes investigations of specific topics that lie within the general subject of HSV1’s role in AD/dementia, published in the last couple of years. They include studies on the following: relationship of HSV1 to AD using neural stem cells; the apparent protective effects of treatment of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/679 |
| _version_ | 1797529437437165568 |
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| author | Ruth F. Itzhaki |
| author_facet | Ruth F. Itzhaki |
| author_sort | Ruth F. Itzhaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review describes investigations of specific topics that lie within the general subject of HSV1’s role in AD/dementia, published in the last couple of years. They include studies on the following: relationship of HSV1 to AD using neural stem cells; the apparent protective effects of treatment of HSV1 infection or of VZV infection with antivirals <i>prior</i> to the onset of dementia; the putative involvement of VZV in AD/dementia; the possible role of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) in AD; the seemingly reduced risk of dementia after vaccination with diverse types of vaccine, and the association shown in some vaccine studies with reduced frequency of HSV1 reactivation; anti-HSV serum antibodies supporting the linkage of HSV1 in brain with AD in APOE-ε4 carriers, and the association between APOE and cognition, and association of APOE and infection with AD/dementia. The conclusions are that there is now overwhelming evidence for HSV1’s role—probably causal—in AD, when it is present in brain of APOE-ε4 carriers, and that further investigations should be made on possible prevention of the disease by vaccination, or by prolonged antiviral treatment of HSV1 infection in APOE-ε4 carriers, before disease onset. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:13:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9603d972ca77471683dec4f7a9fb19d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:13:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-9603d972ca77471683dec4f7a9fb19d12023-11-22T00:58:21ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-06-019667910.3390/vaccines9060679Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence againstRuth F. Itzhaki0Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford, 66 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6PR, UKThis review describes investigations of specific topics that lie within the general subject of HSV1’s role in AD/dementia, published in the last couple of years. They include studies on the following: relationship of HSV1 to AD using neural stem cells; the apparent protective effects of treatment of HSV1 infection or of VZV infection with antivirals <i>prior</i> to the onset of dementia; the putative involvement of VZV in AD/dementia; the possible role of human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) in AD; the seemingly reduced risk of dementia after vaccination with diverse types of vaccine, and the association shown in some vaccine studies with reduced frequency of HSV1 reactivation; anti-HSV serum antibodies supporting the linkage of HSV1 in brain with AD in APOE-ε4 carriers, and the association between APOE and cognition, and association of APOE and infection with AD/dementia. The conclusions are that there is now overwhelming evidence for HSV1’s role—probably causal—in AD, when it is present in brain of APOE-ε4 carriers, and that further investigations should be made on possible prevention of the disease by vaccination, or by prolonged antiviral treatment of HSV1 infection in APOE-ε4 carriers, before disease onset.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/679Alzheimer’s diseaseherpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1)apolipoprotein E (APOE)brainantivirals |
| spellingShingle | Ruth F. Itzhaki Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against Vaccines Alzheimer’s disease herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) apolipoprotein E (APOE) brain antivirals |
| title | Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against |
| title_full | Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against |
| title_fullStr | Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against |
| title_short | Overwhelming Evidence for a Major Role for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV1) in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD); Underwhelming Evidence against |
| title_sort | overwhelming evidence for a major role for herpes simplex virus type 1 hsv1 in alzheimer s disease ad underwhelming evidence against |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) apolipoprotein E (APOE) brain antivirals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/679 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruthfitzhaki overwhelmingevidenceforamajorroleforherpessimplexvirustype1hsv1inalzheimersdiseaseadunderwhelmingevidenceagainst |