Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment
Early metastasis and resistance to traditional therapy are responsible for the poor prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) have been proven to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various tumors. Nevertheless, the expression a...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/2/474 |
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| author | Yanyan Zhuang Sihua Lan Wa Zhong Fengting Huang Juanfei Peng Shineng Zhang |
| author_facet | Yanyan Zhuang Sihua Lan Wa Zhong Fengting Huang Juanfei Peng Shineng Zhang |
| author_sort | Yanyan Zhuang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early metastasis and resistance to traditional therapy are responsible for the poor prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) have been proven to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various tumors. Nevertheless, the expression and function of distinct PPMs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression level, prognostic value, and the relationship between the expression of PPMs and the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using Oncomine, TCGA and GTEx, GEO, Kaplan–Meier plotter, STRING, GeneMANIA, and HPA databases and R packages. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that PPMs and their differential co-expression genes are attributed to cell–cell adhesion and immune cell infiltration. Among these, <i>PPM1K</i> was downregulated in the tissue and peripheral blood of PAAD patients, whose expression level was negatively related to poor prognosis. Further to this, <i>PPM1K</i> was found to play a role in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and immune infiltration. ROC curves showed that <i>PPM1K</i> had a good predictive value for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The knockdown of <i>PPM1K</i> markedly promoted the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, confirming its role in tumor suppressor activity in PAAD. This study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of <i>PPM1K</i> in tumor immunotherapy and brings about novel insights into the prognostic value of <i>PPM1K</i> in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-960646afc2db459083a3a12814ee566c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:17:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-960646afc2db459083a3a12814ee566c2023-11-30T21:34:24ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-01-0115247410.3390/cancers15020474Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor MicroenvironmentYanyan Zhuang0Sihua Lan1Wa Zhong2Fengting Huang3Juanfei Peng4Shineng Zhang5Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107, Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, ChinaEarly metastasis and resistance to traditional therapy are responsible for the poor prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients. Metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) have been proven to play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of various tumors. Nevertheless, the expression and function of distinct PPMs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the mRNA expression level, prognostic value, and the relationship between the expression of PPMs and the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using Oncomine, TCGA and GTEx, GEO, Kaplan–Meier plotter, STRING, GeneMANIA, and HPA databases and R packages. GO and KEGG analysis revealed that PPMs and their differential co-expression genes are attributed to cell–cell adhesion and immune cell infiltration. Among these, <i>PPM1K</i> was downregulated in the tissue and peripheral blood of PAAD patients, whose expression level was negatively related to poor prognosis. Further to this, <i>PPM1K</i> was found to play a role in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and immune infiltration. ROC curves showed that <i>PPM1K</i> had a good predictive value for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The knockdown of <i>PPM1K</i> markedly promoted the proliferation and migration of pancreatic cancer cells, confirming its role in tumor suppressor activity in PAAD. This study demonstrates the potential clinical utility of <i>PPM1K</i> in tumor immunotherapy and brings about novel insights into the prognostic value of <i>PPM1K</i> in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/2/474bioinformatics analysismetal-dependent protein phosphatasespancreatic adenocarcinomaprognostic valuetumor microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Yanyan Zhuang Sihua Lan Wa Zhong Fengting Huang Juanfei Peng Shineng Zhang Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment Cancers bioinformatics analysis metal-dependent protein phosphatases pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognostic value tumor microenvironment |
| title | Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full | Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_short | Comprehensive Analysis of PPMs in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Indicates the Value of <i>PPM1K</i> in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_sort | comprehensive analysis of ppms in pancreatic adenocarcinoma indicates the value of i ppm1k i in the tumor microenvironment |
| topic | bioinformatics analysis metal-dependent protein phosphatases pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognostic value tumor microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/2/474 |
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