USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI)
The current COVID-19 pandemic has shown how important digitalization is to the world economies and how networks and connectivity, artificial intelligence, as well as basic and advanced digital skills sustain economies and societies. Digitalization involves an increase in the use of information and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Geobalcanica Society
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Acta Geobalcanica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.geobalcanica.org/wp-content/uploads/AGB/2022/AGB-2022-8-12.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828032207400206336 |
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| author | Ewa Nowak Agnieszka Kleszcz |
| author_facet | Ewa Nowak Agnieszka Kleszcz |
| author_sort | Ewa Nowak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current COVID-19 pandemic has shown how important digitalization is to the world economies and how networks
and connectivity, artificial intelligence, as well as basic and advanced digital skills sustain economies and societies. Digitalization involves an increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all areas of the economy and all domains of a functioning society. This study was based on the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) dimensions: Connectivity; Human capital; Use of internet service; Integration of digital technology; Digital public services for 2020. The data included in the index were mostly collected from the relevant authorities of the Member States by the European Commission (Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and
Technology as well as Eurostat). The Kohonen neural network technique, which uses an iterative algorithm, was used to group countries according to the DESI dimension. It is a method that enables grouping of objects into sets due to the similarity of the data they contain and characterizes them. In this study, the EU countries were divided into groups according to the similarity of DESI levels. For the set of 28 countries and 5 DESI dimensions the appropriate structure of the Kohonen network and its parameters were selected, in order to determine the most satisfactory results. The following were the groups of countries classified: Class ID1: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, Class ID2:
Belgium, Estonia, Ireland, Malta, United Kingdom, Class ID3: Austria, Germany, Spain, France, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia Class ID4: Czechia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Class ID5: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Croatia, Romania, Slovakia. The distribution of the separate classes of the state indicates that we can treat them due to the specificity of their features. In the ID 1 and ID2 classes the considered features assume very high numerical values. ID class 3 is characterized by an average level of DESI parameters. Low values of the considered features are characteristic of the ID4 and ID 5 classes. The classification result is helpful in distinguishing the current level of digitalization of European Union countries. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:02:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9612f8f7346542e79dabd5b6c20b2897 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1857-9833 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Geobalcanica Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Geobalcanica |
| spelling | doaj.art-9612f8f7346542e79dabd5b6c20b28972023-02-15T10:48:36ZengGeobalcanica SocietyActa Geobalcanica1857-98332021-09-01839310210.18509/AGB218-3093nUSE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI)Ewa Nowak0Agnieszka Kleszcz1Institute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, PolandInstitute of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, PolandThe current COVID-19 pandemic has shown how important digitalization is to the world economies and how networks and connectivity, artificial intelligence, as well as basic and advanced digital skills sustain economies and societies. Digitalization involves an increase in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in all areas of the economy and all domains of a functioning society. This study was based on the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) dimensions: Connectivity; Human capital; Use of internet service; Integration of digital technology; Digital public services for 2020. The data included in the index were mostly collected from the relevant authorities of the Member States by the European Commission (Directorate-General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology as well as Eurostat). The Kohonen neural network technique, which uses an iterative algorithm, was used to group countries according to the DESI dimension. It is a method that enables grouping of objects into sets due to the similarity of the data they contain and characterizes them. In this study, the EU countries were divided into groups according to the similarity of DESI levels. For the set of 28 countries and 5 DESI dimensions the appropriate structure of the Kohonen network and its parameters were selected, in order to determine the most satisfactory results. The following were the groups of countries classified: Class ID1: Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, Class ID2: Belgium, Estonia, Ireland, Malta, United Kingdom, Class ID3: Austria, Germany, Spain, France, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia Class ID4: Czechia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Class ID5: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Croatia, Romania, Slovakia. The distribution of the separate classes of the state indicates that we can treat them due to the specificity of their features. In the ID 1 and ID2 classes the considered features assume very high numerical values. ID class 3 is characterized by an average level of DESI parameters. Low values of the considered features are characteristic of the ID4 and ID 5 classes. The classification result is helpful in distinguishing the current level of digitalization of European Union countries.http://www.geobalcanica.org/wp-content/uploads/AGB/2022/AGB-2022-8-12.pdfkohonen self-organizing mapsdigital economy and society indexeuropean union |
| spellingShingle | Ewa Nowak Agnieszka Kleszcz USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) Acta Geobalcanica kohonen self-organizing maps digital economy and society index european union |
| title | USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) |
| title_full | USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) |
| title_fullStr | USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) |
| title_full_unstemmed | USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) |
| title_short | USE OF KOHONEN'S NETWORK TO PRESENT THE DIGITAL DIVERSITY OF EU COUNTRIES ACCORDING TO THE DIGITAL ECONOMY AND SOCIETY INDEX (DESI) |
| title_sort | use of kohonen s network to present the digital diversity of eu countries according to the digital economy and society index desi |
| topic | kohonen self-organizing maps digital economy and society index european union |
| url | http://www.geobalcanica.org/wp-content/uploads/AGB/2022/AGB-2022-8-12.pdf |
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