Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development
Developing novel drug formulations and progressing them to the clinical environment relies on preclinical in vitro studies and animal tests to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. However, these current techniques have failed to accurately predict the clinical success of new therapies with a high degree...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/150 |
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| author | Hanieh Gholizadeh Shaokoon Cheng Agisilaos Kourmatzis Hanwen Xing Daniela Traini Paul M. Young Hui Xin Ong |
| author_facet | Hanieh Gholizadeh Shaokoon Cheng Agisilaos Kourmatzis Hanwen Xing Daniela Traini Paul M. Young Hui Xin Ong |
| author_sort | Hanieh Gholizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developing novel drug formulations and progressing them to the clinical environment relies on preclinical in vitro studies and animal tests to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. However, these current techniques have failed to accurately predict the clinical success of new therapies with a high degree of certainty. The main reason for this failure is that conventional in vitro tissue models lack numerous physiological characteristics of human organs, such as biomechanical forces and biofluid flow. Moreover, animal models often fail to recapitulate the physiology, anatomy, and mechanisms of disease development in human. These shortfalls often lead to failure in drug development, with substantial time and money spent. To tackle this issue, organ-on-chip technology offers realistic in vitro human organ models that mimic the physiology of tissues, including biomechanical forces, stress, strain, cellular heterogeneity, and the interaction between multiple tissues and their simultaneous responses to a therapy. For the latter, complex networks of multiple-organ models are constructed together, known as multiple-organs-on-chip. Numerous studies have demonstrated successful application of organ-on-chips for drug testing, with results comparable to clinical outcomes. This review will summarize and critically evaluate these studies, with a focus on kidney, liver, and respiratory system-on-chip models, and will discuss their progress in their application as a preclinical drug-testing platform to determine in vitro drug toxicology, metabolism, and transport. Further, the advances in the design of these models for improving preclinical drug testing as well as the opportunities for future work will be discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9613b930395f494998a859a1fca9eaab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-9613b930395f494998a859a1fca9eaab2023-12-01T00:49:19ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542022-04-019415010.3390/bioengineering9040150Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and DevelopmentHanieh Gholizadeh0Shaokoon Cheng1Agisilaos Kourmatzis2Hanwen Xing3Daniela Traini4Paul M. Young5Hui Xin Ong6Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2113, AustraliaSchool of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaRespiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2037, AustraliaMacquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, AustraliaDeveloping novel drug formulations and progressing them to the clinical environment relies on preclinical in vitro studies and animal tests to evaluate efficacy and toxicity. However, these current techniques have failed to accurately predict the clinical success of new therapies with a high degree of certainty. The main reason for this failure is that conventional in vitro tissue models lack numerous physiological characteristics of human organs, such as biomechanical forces and biofluid flow. Moreover, animal models often fail to recapitulate the physiology, anatomy, and mechanisms of disease development in human. These shortfalls often lead to failure in drug development, with substantial time and money spent. To tackle this issue, organ-on-chip technology offers realistic in vitro human organ models that mimic the physiology of tissues, including biomechanical forces, stress, strain, cellular heterogeneity, and the interaction between multiple tissues and their simultaneous responses to a therapy. For the latter, complex networks of multiple-organ models are constructed together, known as multiple-organs-on-chip. Numerous studies have demonstrated successful application of organ-on-chips for drug testing, with results comparable to clinical outcomes. This review will summarize and critically evaluate these studies, with a focus on kidney, liver, and respiratory system-on-chip models, and will discuss their progress in their application as a preclinical drug-testing platform to determine in vitro drug toxicology, metabolism, and transport. Further, the advances in the design of these models for improving preclinical drug testing as well as the opportunities for future work will be discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/150organ-on-chipmetabolismtoxicologydrug transportbody-on-chipdisease-on-chip |
| spellingShingle | Hanieh Gholizadeh Shaokoon Cheng Agisilaos Kourmatzis Hanwen Xing Daniela Traini Paul M. Young Hui Xin Ong Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development Bioengineering organ-on-chip metabolism toxicology drug transport body-on-chip disease-on-chip |
| title | Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development |
| title_full | Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development |
| title_fullStr | Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development |
| title_short | Application of Micro-Engineered Kidney, Liver, and Respiratory System Models to Accelerate Preclinical Drug Testing and Development |
| title_sort | application of micro engineered kidney liver and respiratory system models to accelerate preclinical drug testing and development |
| topic | organ-on-chip metabolism toxicology drug transport body-on-chip disease-on-chip |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/9/4/150 |
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