Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation
Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1935 |
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| author | Katharina E. M. Hellenthal Laura Brabenec Nana-Maria Wagner |
| author_facet | Katharina E. M. Hellenthal Laura Brabenec Nana-Maria Wagner |
| author_sort | Katharina E. M. Hellenthal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:10:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-961fa83986d54406bd0cb4860a9ee3cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:10:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-961fa83986d54406bd0cb4860a9ee3cd2023-11-23T16:01:47ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092022-06-011112193510.3390/cells11121935Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic InflammationKatharina E. M. Hellenthal0Laura Brabenec1Nana-Maria Wagner2Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, GermanyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, GermanyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, GermanySystemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion. Permeability of the endothelial monolayer is strictly controlled and highly organ-specific, forming continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous capillaries that orchestrate the extravasation of fluids, proteins and solutes to maintain organ homeostasis. In the physiological state, the endothelial barrier is maintained by the glycocalyx, extracellular matrix and intercellular junctions including adherens and tight junctions. As endothelial cells are constantly sensing and responding to the extracellular environment, their activation by inflammatory stimuli promotes a loss of endothelial barrier function, which has been identified as a hallmark of systemic inflammation, leading to tissue edema formation and hypotension and thus, is a key contributor to lethal outcomes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the major players, such as the angiopoietin-Tie2 signaling axis, adrenomedullin and vascular endothelial (VE-) cadherin, that substantially contribute to the regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation and elucidate treatment strategies targeting the preservation of vascular integrity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1935systemic inflammationendotheliumvascular permeabilitycapillary leakageangiopoietin-Tie2adrenomedullin |
| spellingShingle | Katharina E. M. Hellenthal Laura Brabenec Nana-Maria Wagner Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation Cells systemic inflammation endothelium vascular permeability capillary leakage angiopoietin-Tie2 adrenomedullin |
| title | Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation |
| title_full | Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation |
| title_short | Regulation and Dysregulation of Endothelial Permeability during Systemic Inflammation |
| title_sort | regulation and dysregulation of endothelial permeability during systemic inflammation |
| topic | systemic inflammation endothelium vascular permeability capillary leakage angiopoietin-Tie2 adrenomedullin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/12/1935 |
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