Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis
Background Notwithstanding the importance of decreasing tobacco use to achieve Sustainable Development Goals' mortality reduction targets, evaluations of tobacco control programmes in low- and middle-income settings are scarce. We studied the impact of India's National Tobacco Control Prog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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European Publishing
2018-03-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
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| Online Access: | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Impact-of-India-s-National-Tobacco-Control-Programme-on-bidi-and-cigarette-consumption,83825,0,2.html |
| _version_ | 1811330353904746496 |
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| author | Gaurang P. Nazar Swati Srivastava Kiara Chang Neil Pearce Anup Karan Christopher Millett |
| author_facet | Gaurang P. Nazar Swati Srivastava Kiara Chang Neil Pearce Anup Karan Christopher Millett |
| author_sort | Gaurang P. Nazar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background
Notwithstanding the importance of
decreasing tobacco use to achieve Sustainable Development Goals' mortality
reduction targets, evaluations of tobacco control programmes in low- and middle-income settings are scarce. We
studied the impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) on
household-reported consumption of bidis and cigarettes using a Difference-in-differences
(DID) analysis, typically used in econometrics for programme impact evaluation.
Methods
Secondary analyses were conducted
on three cross-sectional datasets from nationally representative Household Consumer
Expenditure Surveys (CES) (1999-2000; 2004-05 and 2011-12). Their sample sizes varied
between 100,000-125,000 households. The CES collected information on
consumption and expenditure of 350 food and non-food items. Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household during
the past 30 days; and monthly consumption
of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. DID two-part
models were used to compare changes in outcomes
over time and between districts with NTCP and without NTCP implemented,
adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity.
Results
There were no significant reductions in the proportion of households reporting bidi (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1∙04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0∙84-1∙28) or cigarette consumption (AOR: 1∙01, 95% CI 0∙82-1∙26) in NTCP districts compared with non-NTCP districts. Among households that reported any bidi/cigarette consumption, we observed an overall
reduction in the monthly per person consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks over time. However, these reductions were not
significantly different between NTCP and non-NTCP
districts (adjusted coefficients were: 0∙07 bidi sticks, 95% CI -0∙13-0∙28 bidi sticks; and -0∙002 cigarette sticks, 95% CI -0∙26-0∙26 cigarette sticks).
Conclusions
Although the consumption of bidis
and cigarettes had reduced in India between 1999-2000 and 2011-12, these
reductions were not significantly different between NTCP and non-NTCP districts. Strengthening
implementation and enforcement of tobacco control policies is vitally important
to reduce the future burden of tobacco use in the country. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:59:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96205e97724a46c393ceadfe65c25f5f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1617-9625 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:59:42Z |
| publishDate | 2018-03-01 |
| publisher | European Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-96205e97724a46c393ceadfe65c25f5f2022-12-22T02:40:34ZengEuropean PublishingTobacco Induced Diseases1617-96252018-03-0116110.18332/tid/8382583825Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysisGaurang P. Nazar0Swati Srivastava1Kiara Chang2Neil Pearce3Anup Karan4Christopher Millett5Public Health Foundation of India, Health Promotion Division, IndiaJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of International Health, United States of AmericaImperial College London, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, United KingdomLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, United KingdomIndian Institute of Public Health, IndiaImperial College London, Public Health Policy Evaluation Unit, School of Public Health, United KingdomBackground Notwithstanding the importance of decreasing tobacco use to achieve Sustainable Development Goals' mortality reduction targets, evaluations of tobacco control programmes in low- and middle-income settings are scarce. We studied the impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) on household-reported consumption of bidis and cigarettes using a Difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, typically used in econometrics for programme impact evaluation. Methods Secondary analyses were conducted on three cross-sectional datasets from nationally representative Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) (1999-2000; 2004-05 and 2011-12). Their sample sizes varied between 100,000-125,000 households. The CES collected information on consumption and expenditure of 350 food and non-food items. Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household during the past 30 days; and monthly consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. DID two-part models were used to compare changes in outcomes over time and between districts with NTCP and without NTCP implemented, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity. Results There were no significant reductions in the proportion of households reporting bidi (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1∙04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0∙84-1∙28) or cigarette consumption (AOR: 1∙01, 95% CI 0∙82-1∙26) in NTCP districts compared with non-NTCP districts. Among households that reported any bidi/cigarette consumption, we observed an overall reduction in the monthly per person consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks over time. However, these reductions were not significantly different between NTCP and non-NTCP districts (adjusted coefficients were: 0∙07 bidi sticks, 95% CI -0∙13-0∙28 bidi sticks; and -0∙002 cigarette sticks, 95% CI -0∙26-0∙26 cigarette sticks). Conclusions Although the consumption of bidis and cigarettes had reduced in India between 1999-2000 and 2011-12, these reductions were not significantly different between NTCP and non-NTCP districts. Strengthening implementation and enforcement of tobacco control policies is vitally important to reduce the future burden of tobacco use in the country.http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Impact-of-India-s-National-Tobacco-Control-Programme-on-bidi-and-cigarette-consumption,83825,0,2.htmlWCTOH |
| spellingShingle | Gaurang P. Nazar Swati Srivastava Kiara Chang Neil Pearce Anup Karan Christopher Millett Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis Tobacco Induced Diseases WCTOH |
| title | Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis |
| title_full | Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis |
| title_fullStr | Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis |
| title_short | Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis |
| title_sort | impact of india s national tobacco control programme on bidi and cigarette consumption a difference in differences analysis |
| topic | WCTOH |
| url | http://www.journalssystem.com/tid/Impact-of-India-s-National-Tobacco-Control-Programme-on-bidi-and-cigarette-consumption,83825,0,2.html |
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