Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats
The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, including that of the skeletal system. Antibiotics may affect the skeletal system directly or indirectly by influencing the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria have been reported to favorably affect bones in conditions of estrogen def...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/915 |
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| author | Urszula Cegieła Piotr Londzin Aleksandra Janas Maria Pytlik Joanna Folwarczna |
| author_facet | Urszula Cegieła Piotr Londzin Aleksandra Janas Maria Pytlik Joanna Folwarczna |
| author_sort | Urszula Cegieła |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, including that of the skeletal system. Antibiotics may affect the skeletal system directly or indirectly by influencing the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria have been reported to favorably affect bones in conditions of estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of azithromycin (AZM) administered alone or with probiotic bacteria (<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>; LR) on bones in estrogen-deficient rats. The experiments were carried out on mature rats divided into five groups: non-ovariectomized (NOVX) control rats, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats, and OVX rats treated with: LR, AZM, or AZM with LR. The drugs were administered for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, bone mineralization, histomorphometric parameters, and mechanical properties were examined. Estrogen deficiency increased bone turnover and worsened cancellous bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties. The administration of LR or AZM slightly favorably affected some skeletal parameters of estrogen-deficient rats. The administration of AZM with LR did not lead to the addition of the effects observed for the separate treatments, indicating that the effects could be microbiota-mediated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:59:38Z |
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| id | doaj.art-962a1abe12ef4369b46fad741ab9f081 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:59:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-962a1abe12ef4369b46fad741ab9f0812023-12-03T14:15:58ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-07-0115891510.3390/ph15080915Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient RatsUrszula Cegieła0Piotr Londzin1Aleksandra Janas2Maria Pytlik3Joanna Folwarczna4Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandThe gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis, including that of the skeletal system. Antibiotics may affect the skeletal system directly or indirectly by influencing the microbiota. Probiotic bacteria have been reported to favorably affect bones in conditions of estrogen deficiency. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of azithromycin (AZM) administered alone or with probiotic bacteria (<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>; LR) on bones in estrogen-deficient rats. The experiments were carried out on mature rats divided into five groups: non-ovariectomized (NOVX) control rats, ovariectomized (OVX) control rats, and OVX rats treated with: LR, AZM, or AZM with LR. The drugs were administered for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical parameters, bone mineralization, histomorphometric parameters, and mechanical properties were examined. Estrogen deficiency increased bone turnover and worsened cancellous bone microarchitecture and mechanical properties. The administration of LR or AZM slightly favorably affected some skeletal parameters of estrogen-deficient rats. The administration of AZM with LR did not lead to the addition of the effects observed for the separate treatments, indicating that the effects could be microbiota-mediated.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/915azithromycinprobiotic bacteria<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>skeletal systemratovariectomy |
| spellingShingle | Urszula Cegieła Piotr Londzin Aleksandra Janas Maria Pytlik Joanna Folwarczna Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats Pharmaceuticals azithromycin probiotic bacteria <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> skeletal system rat ovariectomy |
| title | Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats |
| title_full | Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats |
| title_short | Effect of Administration of Azithromycin and/or Probiotic Bacteria on Bones of Estrogen-Deficient Rats |
| title_sort | effect of administration of azithromycin and or probiotic bacteria on bones of estrogen deficient rats |
| topic | azithromycin probiotic bacteria <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> skeletal system rat ovariectomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/915 |
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