System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels
Future driver assistance and autonomous driving systems require high-resolution 4D imaging radars that provide detailed and robust information about the vehicle's surroundings, even in poor weather or lighting conditions. In this work, a novel high-resolution radar system with 1728 virtua...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9866614/ |
| _version_ | 1811241078231138304 |
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| author | Dominik Schwarz Nico Riese Ines Dorsch Christian Waldschmidt |
| author_facet | Dominik Schwarz Nico Riese Ines Dorsch Christian Waldschmidt |
| author_sort | Dominik Schwarz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Future driver assistance and autonomous driving systems require high-resolution 4D imaging radars that provide detailed and robust information about the vehicle's surroundings, even in poor weather or lighting conditions. In this work, a novel high-resolution radar system with 1728 virtual channels is presented, exceeding the state-of-the-art channel count for automotive radar sensors by a factor of 9. To realize the system, a new mixed feedthrough and distribution network topology is employed for the distribution of the ramp oscillator signal. A multilayer printed circuit board is designed and fabricated with all components assembled on the back side, while the radio frequency signal distribution is on a buried layer and only the antennas are on the front side. The array is optimized to enable both multipleinput multiple-output operation and transmit beamforming. A sparse array with both transmit and receive antennas close to the transceivers is realized to form a 2D array with a large unambiguous region of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$130 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$75 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a maximal sidelobe level of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-15 \,\mathrm{{\rm dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The array features a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \,\mathrm{{\rm dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> beamwidth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.78 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.6 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in azimuth and elevation, respectively. Radar measurements in an anechoic chamber show that even the individual peaks of the absorber in the chamber can be detected and separated in the range-angle cut of the 4D radar image. The performance is validated by measurements of a parking lot, where cars, a pedestrian, a fence, and a street lamp can be detected, separated, and estimated correctly in size and position. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:30:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-962b2c170d1f4e06902b258eddc824d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2692-8388 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T13:30:06Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Journal of Microwaves |
| spelling | doaj.art-962b2c170d1f4e06902b258eddc824d52022-12-22T03:31:12ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Microwaves2692-83882022-01-012463764710.1109/JMW.2022.31964549866614System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual ChannelsDominik Schwarz0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8899-9688Nico Riese1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-3591Ines Dorsch2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-5468Christian Waldschmidt3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyInstitute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, GermanyFuture driver assistance and autonomous driving systems require high-resolution 4D imaging radars that provide detailed and robust information about the vehicle's surroundings, even in poor weather or lighting conditions. In this work, a novel high-resolution radar system with 1728 virtual channels is presented, exceeding the state-of-the-art channel count for automotive radar sensors by a factor of 9. To realize the system, a new mixed feedthrough and distribution network topology is employed for the distribution of the ramp oscillator signal. A multilayer printed circuit board is designed and fabricated with all components assembled on the back side, while the radio frequency signal distribution is on a buried layer and only the antennas are on the front side. The array is optimized to enable both multipleinput multiple-output operation and transmit beamforming. A sparse array with both transmit and receive antennas close to the transceivers is realized to form a 2D array with a large unambiguous region of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$130 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$75 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> with a maximal sidelobe level of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-15 \,\mathrm{{\rm dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The array features a <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \,\mathrm{{\rm dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> beamwidth of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.78 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> × <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.6 \mathrm{^{\circ }}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in azimuth and elevation, respectively. Radar measurements in an anechoic chamber show that even the individual peaks of the absorber in the chamber can be detected and separated in the range-angle cut of the 4D radar image. The performance is validated by measurements of a parking lot, where cars, a pedestrian, a fence, and a street lamp can be detected, separated, and estimated correctly in size and position.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9866614/Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)automotive radarchirp sequence modulationdirection-of-arrival (DoA) estimationfrequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)imaging radar |
| spellingShingle | Dominik Schwarz Nico Riese Ines Dorsch Christian Waldschmidt System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels IEEE Journal of Microwaves Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) automotive radar chirp sequence modulation direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) imaging radar |
| title | System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels |
| title_full | System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels |
| title_fullStr | System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels |
| title_full_unstemmed | System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels |
| title_short | System Performance of a 79 GHz High-Resolution 4D Imaging MIMO Radar With 1728 Virtual Channels |
| title_sort | system performance of a 79 ghz high resolution 4d imaging mimo radar with 1728 virtual channels |
| topic | Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) automotive radar chirp sequence modulation direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) imaging radar |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9866614/ |
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