Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China
Mixed-species tree plantations have additional ecological benefits over single-species tree plantations, such as habitat restoration and increasing biodiversity. However, changes in the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus storages and stoichiometry after mixed afforestation with the N-fixing tree...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| author | Xu Wu Yaobin Niu Mengyao Xun Junyi Jin Yakun Tang Yunming Chen |
| author_facet | Xu Wu Yaobin Niu Mengyao Xun Junyi Jin Yakun Tang Yunming Chen |
| author_sort | Xu Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mixed-species tree plantations have additional ecological benefits over single-species tree plantations, such as habitat restoration and increasing biodiversity. However, changes in the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus storages and stoichiometry after mixed afforestation with the N-fixing tree species under the “Grain for Green Project” in the Loess Plateau of China are not well understood. Typical restoration types, including the mixed plantations of <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> (<i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>) and <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> with <i>H. rhamnoides</i> (<i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub>), as well as the pure forests of <i>P. tabuliformis</i> (<i>P</i><sub>t</sub>) and <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> (<i>R</i><sub>p</sub>), were chosen to examine changes in the storages and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in 0–100 cm soil layers. The results showed that compared with the corresponding pure forest, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the SOC content in the 0–20 cm soil layer and the SOC storage in the 0–100 cm layer, while <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub> significantly increased the SOC content in the 0–10 cm layer, but there was no significant difference for SOC storage in the 0–100 cm layer between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. Similarly, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the TN content in the 0–10 cm layer and the TN storage in the 0–100 cm layer, but there was no significant difference in TN storage between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. Furthermore, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the TP content in the 0–100 cm layer and TP storage was higher than that of <i>R</i><sub>p</sub>, while there were no significant differences in TP content and storage between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. In the 0–10 cm soil layer, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly reduced C:N and increased N:P, but <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub> significantly increased C:P. In addition, compared with the pure forest, the soil physical and chemical properties had a stronger control effect on the soil storages and stoichiometric ratios in the mixed forests. In summary, compared with <i>P. tabuliformis</i>, the introduction of N-fixing tree species into the <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> forest was more conducive to the accumulation of SOC, TN, and TP reserves and the improvement of the N and P utilization efficiency. These results have important implications for the restoration of degraded vegetation and scientific management of mixed plantations on the Loess Plateau and can provide basic data for the assessment of soil quality at the regional scale. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-963714ce0bee45dc82b62f48399b3d9b2023-11-23T08:21:26ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-12-011212171810.3390/f12121718Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, ChinaXu Wu0Yaobin Niu1Mengyao Xun2Junyi Jin3Yakun Tang4Yunming Chen5College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030801, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, ChinaMixed-species tree plantations have additional ecological benefits over single-species tree plantations, such as habitat restoration and increasing biodiversity. However, changes in the soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus storages and stoichiometry after mixed afforestation with the N-fixing tree species under the “Grain for Green Project” in the Loess Plateau of China are not well understood. Typical restoration types, including the mixed plantations of <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> (<i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>) and <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> with <i>H. rhamnoides</i> (<i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub>), as well as the pure forests of <i>P. tabuliformis</i> (<i>P</i><sub>t</sub>) and <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> (<i>R</i><sub>p</sub>), were chosen to examine changes in the storages and stoichiometry of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in 0–100 cm soil layers. The results showed that compared with the corresponding pure forest, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the SOC content in the 0–20 cm soil layer and the SOC storage in the 0–100 cm layer, while <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub> significantly increased the SOC content in the 0–10 cm layer, but there was no significant difference for SOC storage in the 0–100 cm layer between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. Similarly, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the TN content in the 0–10 cm layer and the TN storage in the 0–100 cm layer, but there was no significant difference in TN storage between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. Furthermore, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly increased the TP content in the 0–100 cm layer and TP storage was higher than that of <i>R</i><sub>p</sub>, while there were no significant differences in TP content and storage between <i>P</i><sub>t</sub> and <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub>. In the 0–10 cm soil layer, <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>R</i><sub>p</sub> significantly reduced C:N and increased N:P, but <i>H</i><sub>r</sub><i>P</i><sub>t</sub> significantly increased C:P. In addition, compared with the pure forest, the soil physical and chemical properties had a stronger control effect on the soil storages and stoichiometric ratios in the mixed forests. In summary, compared with <i>P. tabuliformis</i>, the introduction of N-fixing tree species into the <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> forest was more conducive to the accumulation of SOC, TN, and TP reserves and the improvement of the N and P utilization efficiency. These results have important implications for the restoration of degraded vegetation and scientific management of mixed plantations on the Loess Plateau and can provide basic data for the assessment of soil quality at the regional scale.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1718mixed afforestationpure plantationcarbon storagenitrogen storagephosphorus storagestoichiometry |
| spellingShingle | Xu Wu Yaobin Niu Mengyao Xun Junyi Jin Yakun Tang Yunming Chen Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China Forests mixed afforestation pure plantation carbon storage nitrogen storage phosphorus storage stoichiometry |
| title | Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China |
| title_full | Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China |
| title_fullStr | Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China |
| title_short | Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Storages and Their Stoichiometry Due to Mixed Afforestation with <i>Hippophae rhamnoides</i> in the Loess Hilly Region, China |
| title_sort | soil carbon nitrogen and phosphorus storages and their stoichiometry due to mixed afforestation with i hippophae rhamnoides i in the loess hilly region china |
| topic | mixed afforestation pure plantation carbon storage nitrogen storage phosphorus storage stoichiometry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1718 |
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