Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract To construct a model of the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify clinical factors affecting the antibody response. A total of 779 serum samples were obtained from 550 COVID-19-naïve RA patients who were vaccinated against COVI...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51535-4 |
| _version_ | 1827377335109681152 |
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| author | Yun Kyu Kim Yunhee Choi Ji In Jung Ju Yeon Kim Mi Hyeon Kim Jeffrey Curtis Eun Bong Lee |
| author_facet | Yun Kyu Kim Yunhee Choi Ji In Jung Ju Yeon Kim Mi Hyeon Kim Jeffrey Curtis Eun Bong Lee |
| author_sort | Yun Kyu Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To construct a model of the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify clinical factors affecting the antibody response. A total of 779 serum samples were obtained from 550 COVID-19-naïve RA patients who were vaccinated against COVID-19. Antibody titers for the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) were measured. The time from vaccination, and the log-transformed anti-RBD titer, were modeled using a fractional polynomial method. Clinical factors affecting antibody responses were analyzed by a regression model using generalized estimating equation. The anti-RBD titer peaked at about 2 weeks post-vaccination and decreased exponentially to 36.5% of the peak value after 2 months. Compared with the first vaccination, the 3rd or 4th vaccinations shifted the peaks of anti-RBD antibody response curves significantly upward (by 28-fold [4–195] and 32-fold [4–234], respectively). However, there was no significant shift in the peak from the 3rd vaccination to the 4th vaccination (p = 0.64). Multivariable analysis showed that sulfasalazine increased the vaccine response (by 1.49-fold [1.13–1.97]), but abatacept or JAK inhibitor decreased the vaccine response (by 0.13-fold [0.04–0.43] and 0.44-fold [0.26–0.74], respectively). Age was associated with lower ln [anti-RBD] values (coefficient: − 0.03 [− 0.04 to − 0.02]). In conclusion, the anti-RBD response of RA patients peaked at 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination, and then decreased exponentially, with the maximum peak increase observed after the 3rd vaccination. The antibody response was affected by age and the medications used to treat RA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:37:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96397ad11f954537ad093fa9a8f21b1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T12:37:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-96397ad11f954537ad093fa9a8f21b1d2024-01-21T12:22:47ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-01-011411710.1038/s41598-024-51535-4Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritisYun Kyu Kim0Yunhee Choi1Ji In Jung2Ju Yeon Kim3Mi Hyeon Kim4Jeffrey Curtis5Eun Bong Lee6Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalMedical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University HospitalDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalDivision of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at BirminghamDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University HospitalAbstract To construct a model of the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to identify clinical factors affecting the antibody response. A total of 779 serum samples were obtained from 550 COVID-19-naïve RA patients who were vaccinated against COVID-19. Antibody titers for the receptor binding domain (anti-RBD) and nucleocapsid (anti-N) were measured. The time from vaccination, and the log-transformed anti-RBD titer, were modeled using a fractional polynomial method. Clinical factors affecting antibody responses were analyzed by a regression model using generalized estimating equation. The anti-RBD titer peaked at about 2 weeks post-vaccination and decreased exponentially to 36.5% of the peak value after 2 months. Compared with the first vaccination, the 3rd or 4th vaccinations shifted the peaks of anti-RBD antibody response curves significantly upward (by 28-fold [4–195] and 32-fold [4–234], respectively). However, there was no significant shift in the peak from the 3rd vaccination to the 4th vaccination (p = 0.64). Multivariable analysis showed that sulfasalazine increased the vaccine response (by 1.49-fold [1.13–1.97]), but abatacept or JAK inhibitor decreased the vaccine response (by 0.13-fold [0.04–0.43] and 0.44-fold [0.26–0.74], respectively). Age was associated with lower ln [anti-RBD] values (coefficient: − 0.03 [− 0.04 to − 0.02]). In conclusion, the anti-RBD response of RA patients peaked at 2 weeks after COVID-19 vaccination, and then decreased exponentially, with the maximum peak increase observed after the 3rd vaccination. The antibody response was affected by age and the medications used to treat RA.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51535-4 |
| spellingShingle | Yun Kyu Kim Yunhee Choi Ji In Jung Ju Yeon Kim Mi Hyeon Kim Jeffrey Curtis Eun Bong Lee Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis Scientific Reports |
| title | Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_full | Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_fullStr | Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_short | Modeling of antibody responses to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| title_sort | modeling of antibody responses to covid 19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51535-4 |
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