Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization
Foliar nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to improve protein content and quality in wheat kernels, but the specific effects of N forms remain unclear. In a two-year field study, foliar application of various N forms (NO3-, urea, NH4+) at anthesis was performed to measure their effects...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Crop Journal |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514121002208 |
| _version_ | 1811221959606796288 |
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| author | Xiaokang Lyu Yang Liu Na Li Liban Ku Yuting Hou Xiaoxia Wen |
| author_facet | Xiaokang Lyu Yang Liu Na Li Liban Ku Yuting Hou Xiaoxia Wen |
| author_sort | Xiaokang Lyu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foliar nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to improve protein content and quality in wheat kernels, but the specific effects of N forms remain unclear. In a two-year field study, foliar application of various N forms (NO3-, urea, NH4+) at anthesis was performed to measure their effects on wheat grain protein accumulation, quality formation, and the underlying mechanisms. Foliar application of three N forms showed varying effects in improving grain gluten proteins and quality traits. Under NH4+ application, there was more post-anthesis N uptake for grain filling, with relatively strong increase in enzyme activities and gene expression associated with N metabolism in flag leaves at 8–20 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas its promotion of grain N metabolism became weaker after 20 DAA than those under NO3- and urea treatments. More N was remobilized from source organs to grain under treatment with foliar NO3- and urea. Genes controlling the synthesis of gluten protein and disulfide bonds were upregulated by NO3- and urea at 20–28 DAA, contributing to increased grain protein content and quality. Overall, foliar applications of NO3- and urea were more effective than those of NH4+ in increasing grain N filling. These findings show that manipulating the source–sink relationship by reinforcing grain N metabolism and N remobilization is critical for optimizing grain protein accumulation and quality formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:09:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96481fde567048eb99741243ff7290db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-5141 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T08:09:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crop Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-96481fde567048eb99741243ff7290db2022-12-22T03:41:03ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Crop Journal2214-51412022-08-0110411651177Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilizationXiaokang Lyu0Yang Liu1Na Li2Liban Ku3Yuting Hou4Xiaoxia Wen5College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaCorresponding author.; College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, ChinaFoliar nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to improve protein content and quality in wheat kernels, but the specific effects of N forms remain unclear. In a two-year field study, foliar application of various N forms (NO3-, urea, NH4+) at anthesis was performed to measure their effects on wheat grain protein accumulation, quality formation, and the underlying mechanisms. Foliar application of three N forms showed varying effects in improving grain gluten proteins and quality traits. Under NH4+ application, there was more post-anthesis N uptake for grain filling, with relatively strong increase in enzyme activities and gene expression associated with N metabolism in flag leaves at 8–20 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas its promotion of grain N metabolism became weaker after 20 DAA than those under NO3- and urea treatments. More N was remobilized from source organs to grain under treatment with foliar NO3- and urea. Genes controlling the synthesis of gluten protein and disulfide bonds were upregulated by NO3- and urea at 20–28 DAA, contributing to increased grain protein content and quality. Overall, foliar applications of NO3- and urea were more effective than those of NH4+ in increasing grain N filling. These findings show that manipulating the source–sink relationship by reinforcing grain N metabolism and N remobilization is critical for optimizing grain protein accumulation and quality formation.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514121002208Nitrogen remobilizationSource-SinkGluten proteinGrain fillingQuality formation |
| spellingShingle | Xiaokang Lyu Yang Liu Na Li Liban Ku Yuting Hou Xiaoxia Wen Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization Crop Journal Nitrogen remobilization Source-Sink Gluten protein Grain filling Quality formation |
| title | Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization |
| title_full | Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization |
| title_fullStr | Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization |
| title_short | Foliar applications of various nitrogen (N) forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization |
| title_sort | foliar applications of various nitrogen n forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via n metabolism and remobilization |
| topic | Nitrogen remobilization Source-Sink Gluten protein Grain filling Quality formation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214514121002208 |
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