High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats

High-grain (HG) feeding used in intensive goat production can affect the physiology of the rumen wall, but the changes induced in the epimural bacterial community and host Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are not well understood. In this study, ten male goats were randomly allocated to two groups and fed...

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Main Authors: Junhua eLiu, Gaorui eBian, Weiyun eZhu, Shengyong eMao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00167/full
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author Junhua eLiu
Gaorui eBian
Weiyun eZhu
Shengyong eMao
author_facet Junhua eLiu
Gaorui eBian
Weiyun eZhu
Shengyong eMao
author_sort Junhua eLiu
collection DOAJ
description High-grain (HG) feeding used in intensive goat production can affect the physiology of the rumen wall, but the changes induced in the epimural bacterial community and host Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are not well understood. In this study, ten male goats were randomly allocated to two groups and fed either a hay diet (0% grain; n=5) or an HG diet (65% grain; n=5). The changes in the ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of TLRs during long-term (seven weeks) HG feeding were determined using pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance results showed that HG feeding caused a strong shift in bacterial composition and structure. At the genus level, our data revealed that it increased the relative abundance of taxa Butyrivibrio, unclassified Clostridiales, Mogibacterium, unclassified Anaerolineaceae, and Succiniclasticum, and decreased the proportion of unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Rikenellaceae, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, Howardella, and unclassified Neisseriaceae. The HG-fed goats also exhibited upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR5 in the rumen epithelium (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the increase in TLR expression was associated with changes in the relative abundance of ruminal epithelial bacteria. This study provides a first insight into the adaptive response of ruminal epithelial bacterial populations to HG feeding in goats and shows that these changes were associated with alterations in TLR expression. These findings provide new insight into understanding of host–microbial relationships in ruminants.
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spelling doaj.art-96497b7ac60e49159b2d1e36ea91f1952022-12-21T22:04:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2015-03-01610.3389/fmicb.2015.00167128661High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goatsJunhua eLiu0Gaorui eBian1Weiyun eZhu2Shengyong eMao3Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing Agricultural UniversityHigh-grain (HG) feeding used in intensive goat production can affect the physiology of the rumen wall, but the changes induced in the epimural bacterial community and host Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are not well understood. In this study, ten male goats were randomly allocated to two groups and fed either a hay diet (0% grain; n=5) or an HG diet (65% grain; n=5). The changes in the ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of TLRs during long-term (seven weeks) HG feeding were determined using pyrosequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance results showed that HG feeding caused a strong shift in bacterial composition and structure. At the genus level, our data revealed that it increased the relative abundance of taxa Butyrivibrio, unclassified Clostridiales, Mogibacterium, unclassified Anaerolineaceae, and Succiniclasticum, and decreased the proportion of unclassified Ruminococcaceae, unclassified Rikenellaceae, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, Howardella, and unclassified Neisseriaceae. The HG-fed goats also exhibited upregulation of the relative mRNA expression of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR5 in the rumen epithelium (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the increase in TLR expression was associated with changes in the relative abundance of ruminal epithelial bacteria. This study provides a first insight into the adaptive response of ruminal epithelial bacterial populations to HG feeding in goats and shows that these changes were associated with alterations in TLR expression. These findings provide new insight into understanding of host–microbial relationships in ruminants.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00167/fullToll-Like ReceptorsGoatbacterial communityRuminal epitheliumhigh-grain feeding
spellingShingle Junhua eLiu
Gaorui eBian
Weiyun eZhu
Shengyong eMao
High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
Frontiers in Microbiology
Toll-Like Receptors
Goat
bacterial community
Ruminal epithelium
high-grain feeding
title High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
title_full High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
title_fullStr High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
title_full_unstemmed High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
title_short High-grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of Toll-like receptor genes in goats
title_sort high grain feeding causes strong shifts in ruminal epithelial bacterial community and expression of toll like receptor genes in goats
topic Toll-Like Receptors
Goat
bacterial community
Ruminal epithelium
high-grain feeding
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00167/full
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AT weiyunezhu highgrainfeedingcausesstrongshiftsinruminalepithelialbacterialcommunityandexpressionoftolllikereceptorgenesingoats
AT shengyongemao highgrainfeedingcausesstrongshiftsinruminalepithelialbacterialcommunityandexpressionoftolllikereceptorgenesingoats