Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
In the present work, the effects of (i) Ti replacement by Hf and (ii) the synthesis method on microstructure and crystal structure evolution in the high-entropy alloy Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr are reported. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray dif...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Metals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/343 |
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| author | Maria Moussa Stéphane Gorsse Jacques Huot Jean Louis Bobet |
| author_facet | Maria Moussa Stéphane Gorsse Jacques Huot Jean Louis Bobet |
| author_sort | Maria Moussa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the present work, the effects of (i) Ti replacement by Hf and (ii) the synthesis method on microstructure and crystal structure evolution in the high-entropy alloy Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr are reported. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of alloys prepared by both arc-melting and induction-melting are compared with theoretical thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic calculations agree well with the experimental observations for the arc-melted alloys: a mixture of body-centered cubic (BCC) and cubic C15 Laves phases occurs for low-Ti-concentration alloys and a single BCC phase is obtained for high-Ti alloys. The agreement is not as good when using the induction-melting method: equilibrium solidification calculations predict that the most stable state is a phase mixture of BCC, hexagonal close-packed, and a cubic C15 Laves phase, while experimentally only one BCC and one hexagonal C14 Laves phase were found. The estimation of the exact cooling rate and the lack of a thermodynamic database can explain the difference. In addition, for both methods, the thermodynamic calculation confirms that for a high Ti concentration, the BCC phase is stable, whereas phase separation is enhanced with a higher Hf concentration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:21Z |
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| id | doaj.art-9650b8d743f44fe9b3a03a9a40370c63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:25:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-9650b8d743f44fe9b3a03a9a40370c632023-11-16T22:08:00ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-02-0113234310.3390/met13020343Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy AlloysMaria Moussa0Stéphane Gorsse1Jacques Huot2Jean Louis Bobet3Hydrogen Research Institute, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, CanadaCNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600 Pessac, FranceHydrogen Research Institute, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, CanadaCNRS, University Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026, 33600 Pessac, FranceIn the present work, the effects of (i) Ti replacement by Hf and (ii) the synthesis method on microstructure and crystal structure evolution in the high-entropy alloy Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr are reported. The results of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis of alloys prepared by both arc-melting and induction-melting are compared with theoretical thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD approach. The non-equilibrium thermodynamic calculations agree well with the experimental observations for the arc-melted alloys: a mixture of body-centered cubic (BCC) and cubic C15 Laves phases occurs for low-Ti-concentration alloys and a single BCC phase is obtained for high-Ti alloys. The agreement is not as good when using the induction-melting method: equilibrium solidification calculations predict that the most stable state is a phase mixture of BCC, hexagonal close-packed, and a cubic C15 Laves phase, while experimentally only one BCC and one hexagonal C14 Laves phase were found. The estimation of the exact cooling rate and the lack of a thermodynamic database can explain the difference. In addition, for both methods, the thermodynamic calculation confirms that for a high Ti concentration, the BCC phase is stable, whereas phase separation is enhanced with a higher Hf concentration.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/343refractory high entropy alloyarc-meltinginduction-meltingmicrostructureCALPHAD |
| spellingShingle | Maria Moussa Stéphane Gorsse Jacques Huot Jean Louis Bobet Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys Metals refractory high entropy alloy arc-melting induction-melting microstructure CALPHAD |
| title | Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_full | Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_short | Effect of the Synthesis Route on the Microstructure of Hf<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>(1−x)</sub>NbVZr Refractory High-Entropy Alloys |
| title_sort | effect of the synthesis route on the microstructure of hf sub x sub ti sub 1 x sub nbvzr refractory high entropy alloys |
| topic | refractory high entropy alloy arc-melting induction-melting microstructure CALPHAD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/343 |
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