Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder associated with distinctive pathophysiological disturbances. One of the pathophysiological risk factors observed in T2D is dysregulation of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society for the Study of Obesity
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journaleditor.inforang.com/journal/view.html?doi=10.7570/jomes21053 |
| _version_ | 1818619942784729088 |
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| author | Jared Rosenberg Jordan Jacob Priya Desai Jeremy Park Lorin Donovan Joon Young Kim |
| author_facet | Jared Rosenberg Jordan Jacob Priya Desai Jeremy Park Lorin Donovan Joon Young Kim |
| author_sort | Jared Rosenberg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder associated with distinctive pathophysiological disturbances. One of the pathophysiological risk factors observed in T2D is dysregulation of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Both hormones stimulate insulin secretion by acting postprandially on pancreatic β-cell receptors. Oral glucose administration stimulates increased insulin secretion in comparison with isoglycemic intravenous glucose administration, a phenomenon known as the incretin effect. While the evidence for incretin defects in individuals with T2D is growing, the etiology behind this attenuated incretin effect in T2D is not clearly understood. Given their central role in T2D pathophysiology, incretins are promising targets for T2D therapeutics. The present review synthesizes the recent attempts to explain the biological importance of incretin hormones and explore potential pharmacological approaches that target the incretins. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:45:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9658d1c2b67540beb7fa6cdd65a3bcf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2508-6235 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T17:45:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society for the Study of Obesity |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome |
| spelling | doaj.art-9658d1c2b67540beb7fa6cdd65a3bcf72022-12-21T22:22:29ZengKorean Society for the Study of ObesityJournal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome2508-62352021-09-0130323324710.7570/jomes21053jomes21053Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 DiabetesJared Rosenberg0Jordan Jacob1Priya Desai2Jeremy Park3Lorin Donovan4Joon Young Kim5Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USAType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder associated with distinctive pathophysiological disturbances. One of the pathophysiological risk factors observed in T2D is dysregulation of the incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Both hormones stimulate insulin secretion by acting postprandially on pancreatic β-cell receptors. Oral glucose administration stimulates increased insulin secretion in comparison with isoglycemic intravenous glucose administration, a phenomenon known as the incretin effect. While the evidence for incretin defects in individuals with T2D is growing, the etiology behind this attenuated incretin effect in T2D is not clearly understood. Given their central role in T2D pathophysiology, incretins are promising targets for T2D therapeutics. The present review synthesizes the recent attempts to explain the biological importance of incretin hormones and explore potential pharmacological approaches that target the incretins.http://journaleditor.inforang.com/journal/view.html?doi=10.7570/jomes21053glucagon-like peptide-1glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptidetype 2 diabetesincretinoral glucose tolerance testinsulinglucose |
| spellingShingle | Jared Rosenberg Jordan Jacob Priya Desai Jeremy Park Lorin Donovan Joon Young Kim Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide type 2 diabetes incretin oral glucose tolerance test insulin glucose |
| title | Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | Incretin Hormones: Pathophysiological Risk Factors and Potential Targets for Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | incretin hormones pathophysiological risk factors and potential targets for type 2 diabetes |
| topic | glucagon-like peptide-1 glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide type 2 diabetes incretin oral glucose tolerance test insulin glucose |
| url | http://journaleditor.inforang.com/journal/view.html?doi=10.7570/jomes21053 |
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