Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study
In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical mixing and deformation behavior of hcp Ti/fcc Al bimetal formed by ultrasonic welding (UW). To analyze the effect of the interface shape, we considered sixteen sinusoidal interfaces of various heights and spatia...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024011472 |
| _version_ | 1797304492696272896 |
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| author | Sunil Moon Jae Ho Paek Yong Hoon Jang Keonwook Kang |
| author_facet | Sunil Moon Jae Ho Paek Yong Hoon Jang Keonwook Kang |
| author_sort | Sunil Moon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical mixing and deformation behavior of hcp Ti/fcc Al bimetal formed by ultrasonic welding (UW). To analyze the effect of the interface shape, we considered sixteen sinusoidal interfaces of various heights and spatial periods along with the flat interface. Mechanical mixing between Ti and Al occurs mainly in the vibrational loading direction, while it is suppressed in the interface-normal direction, as the loading direction lies within the slip planes of both the hcp and fcc structures. The degree of mechanical mixing depended on the shape of the interface. According to the simulation results, mechanical mixing becomes active as the sinusoidal height increases, and the spatial period decreases because of the enlarged interface areas. During the bonding process, phase transformation is observed at the sinusoidal interface; hcp Ti is converted to fcc Ti as misfit dislocations formed at the interface glide as Shockley partials on the slip plane owing to the applied vibrational loading. A simple shear test was performed to analyze the welding strength. Although sinusoidal Ti/Al interfaces can have a welding strength that is higher than that of a flat interface, we found that the welding strength was not closely related to the degree of mechanical mixing. Rather, the welding strength was affected by the interaction between a wall of misfit dislocations, stacking fault tetrahedra, and lattice dislocations generated near the interface during the UW process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:11:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-965bb526207344ebb3c1a2c2ff4b10d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T00:11:17Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-965bb526207344ebb3c1a2c2ff4b10d52024-02-17T06:39:40ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-02-01103e25116Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics studySunil Moon0Jae Ho Paek1Yong Hoon Jang2Keonwook Kang3School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaCorresponding author.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaCorresponding author.; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of KoreaIn this study, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the mechanical mixing and deformation behavior of hcp Ti/fcc Al bimetal formed by ultrasonic welding (UW). To analyze the effect of the interface shape, we considered sixteen sinusoidal interfaces of various heights and spatial periods along with the flat interface. Mechanical mixing between Ti and Al occurs mainly in the vibrational loading direction, while it is suppressed in the interface-normal direction, as the loading direction lies within the slip planes of both the hcp and fcc structures. The degree of mechanical mixing depended on the shape of the interface. According to the simulation results, mechanical mixing becomes active as the sinusoidal height increases, and the spatial period decreases because of the enlarged interface areas. During the bonding process, phase transformation is observed at the sinusoidal interface; hcp Ti is converted to fcc Ti as misfit dislocations formed at the interface glide as Shockley partials on the slip plane owing to the applied vibrational loading. A simple shear test was performed to analyze the welding strength. Although sinusoidal Ti/Al interfaces can have a welding strength that is higher than that of a flat interface, we found that the welding strength was not closely related to the degree of mechanical mixing. Rather, the welding strength was affected by the interaction between a wall of misfit dislocations, stacking fault tetrahedra, and lattice dislocations generated near the interface during the UW process.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024011472Ultrasonic weldingMolecular dynamicsDissimilar metal bondingWelding strengthTitaniumAluminium |
| spellingShingle | Sunil Moon Jae Ho Paek Yong Hoon Jang Keonwook Kang Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study Heliyon Ultrasonic welding Molecular dynamics Dissimilar metal bonding Welding strength Titanium Aluminium |
| title | Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study |
| title_full | Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study |
| title_fullStr | Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study |
| title_short | Mixing behavior of Ti–Al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength: Molecular dynamics study |
| title_sort | mixing behavior of ti al interface during the ultrasonic welding process and its welding strength molecular dynamics study |
| topic | Ultrasonic welding Molecular dynamics Dissimilar metal bonding Welding strength Titanium Aluminium |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024011472 |
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