Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro
The widespread application of fluoride, an extremely effective caries prevention agent, induces the generation of fluoride-resistant strains of opportunistic cariogenic bacteria such as fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, the influence of this fluoride-resistant strain on o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.801569/full |
| _version_ | 1818501437216260096 |
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| author | Keke Zhang Yangfan Xiang Youjian Peng Fengyu Tang Yanfan Cao Zhenjie Xing Yejian Li Xiangyan Liao Yan Sun Yan He Qingsong Ye Qingsong Ye |
| author_facet | Keke Zhang Yangfan Xiang Youjian Peng Fengyu Tang Yanfan Cao Zhenjie Xing Yejian Li Xiangyan Liao Yan Sun Yan He Qingsong Ye Qingsong Ye |
| author_sort | Keke Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The widespread application of fluoride, an extremely effective caries prevention agent, induces the generation of fluoride-resistant strains of opportunistic cariogenic bacteria such as fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, the influence of this fluoride-resistant strain on oral microecological homeostasis under fluoride remains unknown. In this study, an antagonistic dual-species biofilm model composed of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was used to investigate the influence of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on dual-species biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms under fluoride to further elucidate whether fluoride-resistant strains would influence the anti-caries effect of fluoride from the point of biofilm control. The ratio of bacteria within dual-species biofilms was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cristal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy imaging, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay were used to evaluate biofilm biomass, biofilm structure, and metabolic activity, respectively. Biofilm acidogenicity was determined using lactic acid and pH measurements. The anthrone method and exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining were used to study the EPS production of biofilms. We found that, in biofilm formation, fluoride-resistant S. mutans occupied an overwhelming advantage in dual-species biofilms under fluoride, thus showing more biofilm biomass, more robust biofilm structure, and stronger metabolic activity (except for 0.275 g/L sodium fluoride [NaF]), EPS production, and acidogenicity within dual-species biofilms. However, in pre-formed biofilms, the advantage of fluoride-resistant S. mutans could not be fully highlighted for biofilm formation. Therefore, fluoride-resistant S. mutans could influence the anti-caries effect of fluoride on antagonistic dual-species biofilm formation while being heavily discounted in pre-formed biofilms from the perspective of biofilm control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:56:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-9665cd6baa8f4fafb265672b186dfed8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2235-2988 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T20:56:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-9665cd6baa8f4fafb265672b186dfed82022-12-22T01:33:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882022-02-011210.3389/fcimb.2022.801569801569Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In VitroKeke Zhang0Yangfan Xiang1Youjian Peng2Fengyu Tang3Yanfan Cao4Zhenjie Xing5Yejian Li6Xiangyan Liao7Yan Sun8Yan He9Qingsong Ye10Qingsong Ye11School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaCenter of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaTianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, ChinaSchool and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaCenter of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaThe widespread application of fluoride, an extremely effective caries prevention agent, induces the generation of fluoride-resistant strains of opportunistic cariogenic bacteria such as fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). However, the influence of this fluoride-resistant strain on oral microecological homeostasis under fluoride remains unknown. In this study, an antagonistic dual-species biofilm model composed of S. mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) was used to investigate the influence of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on dual-species biofilm formation and pre-formed biofilms under fluoride to further elucidate whether fluoride-resistant strains would influence the anti-caries effect of fluoride from the point of biofilm control. The ratio of bacteria within dual-species biofilms was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cristal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy imaging, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay were used to evaluate biofilm biomass, biofilm structure, and metabolic activity, respectively. Biofilm acidogenicity was determined using lactic acid and pH measurements. The anthrone method and exopolysaccharide (EPS) staining were used to study the EPS production of biofilms. We found that, in biofilm formation, fluoride-resistant S. mutans occupied an overwhelming advantage in dual-species biofilms under fluoride, thus showing more biofilm biomass, more robust biofilm structure, and stronger metabolic activity (except for 0.275 g/L sodium fluoride [NaF]), EPS production, and acidogenicity within dual-species biofilms. However, in pre-formed biofilms, the advantage of fluoride-resistant S. mutans could not be fully highlighted for biofilm formation. Therefore, fluoride-resistant S. mutans could influence the anti-caries effect of fluoride on antagonistic dual-species biofilm formation while being heavily discounted in pre-formed biofilms from the perspective of biofilm control.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.801569/fullfluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutansStreptococcus sanguinisantagonistic dual-species biofilmbiofilm homeostasiscariogenic virulencedental caries |
| spellingShingle | Keke Zhang Yangfan Xiang Youjian Peng Fengyu Tang Yanfan Cao Zhenjie Xing Yejian Li Xiangyan Liao Yan Sun Yan He Qingsong Ye Qingsong Ye Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sanguinis antagonistic dual-species biofilm biofilm homeostasis cariogenic virulence dental caries |
| title | Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro |
| title_full | Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro |
| title_short | Influence of Fluoride-Resistant Streptococcus mutans Within Antagonistic Dual-Species Biofilms Under Fluoride In Vitro |
| title_sort | influence of fluoride resistant streptococcus mutans within antagonistic dual species biofilms under fluoride in vitro |
| topic | fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sanguinis antagonistic dual-species biofilm biofilm homeostasis cariogenic virulence dental caries |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2022.801569/full |
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