Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation
The recent expansion of global Lithium Ion Battery (LIBs) production has generated a significant stress on the lithium demand. One of the means to produce this element is its extraction from different aqueous sources (salars, geothermal water etc.). However, the presence of other mono- and divalent...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/244 |
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| author | Takoua Ounissi Rihab Belhadj Ammar Christian Larchet Lobna Chaabane Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida |
| author_facet | Takoua Ounissi Rihab Belhadj Ammar Christian Larchet Lobna Chaabane Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida |
| author_sort | Takoua Ounissi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recent expansion of global Lithium Ion Battery (LIBs) production has generated a significant stress on the lithium demand. One of the means to produce this element is its extraction from different aqueous sources (salars, geothermal water etc.). However, the presence of other mono- and divalent cations makes this extraction relatively complex. Herein, we propose lithium-sodium separation by an electrodialysis (ED) process using a Lithium Composite Membrane (LCM), whose effectiveness was previously demonstrated by a Diffusion Dialysis process (previous work). LCM performances in terms of lithium Recovery Ratio (RR(Li<sup>+</sup>)) and Selectivity (S(Li/Na)) were investigated using different Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> reconstituted solutions and two ED cells: a two-compartment cell was chosen for its simplicity, and a four-compartment one was selected for its potential to isolate the redox reactions at the electrodes. We demonstrated that the four-compartment cell use was advantageous since it provided membrane protection from protons and gases generated by the electrodes but that membrane selectivity was negatively affected. The impact of the applied current density and the concentration ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>+</sup> in the feed compartment ([Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>) were tested using the four-compartment cell. We showed that increasing the current density led to an improvement of RR(Li<sup>+</sup>) but to a reduction in the LCM selectivity towards Li<sup>+</sup>. Increasing the [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub> ratios to 10 had a positive effect on the membrane performance. However, for high values of this ratio, both RR(Li<sup>+</sup>) and S(Li/Na) decreased. The optimal results were obtained at [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub> near 10, where we succeeded in extracting more than 10% of the initial Li<sup>+</sup> concentration with a selectivity value around 112 after 4 h of ED experiment at 0.5 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. Thus, we can objectively estimate that the concept of this selective extraction of Li<sup>+</sup> from a mixture even when concentrated in Na<sup>+</sup> using an ED process was validated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-966c8738fcc541dab37c0a441372c72f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:27:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-966c8738fcc541dab37c0a441372c72f2023-11-23T21:04:10ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-02-0112224410.3390/membranes12020244Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept ValidationTakoua Ounissi0Rihab Belhadj Ammar1Christian Larchet2Lobna Chaabane3Lassaad Baklouti4Lasâad Dammak5Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida6Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, TunisiaLaboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, TunisiaUniversité Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, FranceUniversité Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, FranceDepartment of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts at Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi ArabiaUniversité Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, FranceLaboratoire de Chimie Analytique et d’Électrochimie, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire, Tunis 2092, TunisiaThe recent expansion of global Lithium Ion Battery (LIBs) production has generated a significant stress on the lithium demand. One of the means to produce this element is its extraction from different aqueous sources (salars, geothermal water etc.). However, the presence of other mono- and divalent cations makes this extraction relatively complex. Herein, we propose lithium-sodium separation by an electrodialysis (ED) process using a Lithium Composite Membrane (LCM), whose effectiveness was previously demonstrated by a Diffusion Dialysis process (previous work). LCM performances in terms of lithium Recovery Ratio (RR(Li<sup>+</sup>)) and Selectivity (S(Li/Na)) were investigated using different Li<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> reconstituted solutions and two ED cells: a two-compartment cell was chosen for its simplicity, and a four-compartment one was selected for its potential to isolate the redox reactions at the electrodes. We demonstrated that the four-compartment cell use was advantageous since it provided membrane protection from protons and gases generated by the electrodes but that membrane selectivity was negatively affected. The impact of the applied current density and the concentration ratio of Na<sup>+</sup> and Li<sup>+</sup> in the feed compartment ([Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>) were tested using the four-compartment cell. We showed that increasing the current density led to an improvement of RR(Li<sup>+</sup>) but to a reduction in the LCM selectivity towards Li<sup>+</sup>. Increasing the [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub> ratios to 10 had a positive effect on the membrane performance. However, for high values of this ratio, both RR(Li<sup>+</sup>) and S(Li/Na) decreased. The optimal results were obtained at [Na<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub>/[Li<sup>+</sup>]<sub>F</sub> near 10, where we succeeded in extracting more than 10% of the initial Li<sup>+</sup> concentration with a selectivity value around 112 after 4 h of ED experiment at 0.5 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>. Thus, we can objectively estimate that the concept of this selective extraction of Li<sup>+</sup> from a mixture even when concentrated in Na<sup>+</sup> using an ED process was validated.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/244electrodialysislithium selective membranelithium-sodium separationmembrane selectivitylithium recovery rate |
| spellingShingle | Takoua Ounissi Rihab Belhadj Ammar Christian Larchet Lobna Chaabane Lassaad Baklouti Lasâad Dammak Emna Selmane Bel Hadj Hmida Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation Membranes electrodialysis lithium selective membrane lithium-sodium separation membrane selectivity lithium recovery rate |
| title | Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation |
| title_full | Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation |
| title_fullStr | Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation |
| title_short | Lithium-Sodium Separation by a Lithium Composite Membrane Used in Electrodialysis Process: Concept Validation |
| title_sort | lithium sodium separation by a lithium composite membrane used in electrodialysis process concept validation |
| topic | electrodialysis lithium selective membrane lithium-sodium separation membrane selectivity lithium recovery rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/2/244 |
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