Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxide materials LiNi<sub>1−x−y</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM, 1 – x − y ≥ 0.6) are emerging as promising cathode materials that do not show intergranular cracks as a result of the lack of grain bound...
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/528 |
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| author | Wengao Zhao Mayan Si Kuan Wang Enzo Brack Ziyan Zhang Xinming Fan Corsin Battaglia |
| author_facet | Wengao Zhao Mayan Si Kuan Wang Enzo Brack Ziyan Zhang Xinming Fan Corsin Battaglia |
| author_sort | Wengao Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxide materials LiNi<sub>1−x−y</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM, 1 – x − y ≥ 0.6) are emerging as promising cathode materials that do not show intergranular cracks as a result of the lack of grain boundaries and anisotropy of the bulk structure, enabling extended cyclability in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operating at high voltage. However, SC-NCM materials still suffer from capacity fading upon extended cycling. This degradation of capacity can be attributed to a reconstruction of the surface. A phase transformation from layered structures to disordered spinel/rock-salt structures was found to be responsible for impedance growth and capacity loss. Film-forming additives are a straightforward approach for the mitigation of surface reconstruction via the formation of a robust protection layer at the cathode’s surface. In this work, we investigate various additives on the electrochemical performance of single-crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (SC-NCM83). The results demonstrate that the use of 1% lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiDFOB) and 1% lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) additives substantially enhanced the cycling performance (with a capacity retention of 93.6% after 150 cycles) and rate capability in comparison to the baseline electrolyte (72.7%) as well as electrolytes using 1% LiDFOB (90.5%) or 1% LiPO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (88.3%) individually. The superior cycling stability of the cell using the combination of both additives was attributed to the formation of a conformal cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer, resulting in a stabilized bulk structure and decreased impedance upon long-term cycling, as evidenced via a combination of state-of-the-art analytical techniques. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:45Z |
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| id | doaj.art-967187f46d714ce586cd381fe4699e8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:01:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-967187f46d714ce586cd381fe4699e8f2023-11-24T14:29:05ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-10-0191152810.3390/batteries9110528Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion BatteriesWengao Zhao0Mayan Si1Kuan Wang2Enzo Brack3Ziyan Zhang4Xinming Fan5Corsin Battaglia6Materials for Energy Conversion Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600 Dubendorf, SwitzerlandMaterials for Energy Conversion Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600 Dubendorf, SwitzerlandGRINM (Guangdong) Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology Foshan, Foshan 528051, ChinaMaterials for Energy Conversion Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600 Dubendorf, SwitzerlandInstitute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanySchool of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaMaterials for Energy Conversion Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), 8600 Dubendorf, SwitzerlandSingle-crystal Ni-rich layered oxide materials LiNi<sub>1−x−y</sub>Co<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM, 1 – x − y ≥ 0.6) are emerging as promising cathode materials that do not show intergranular cracks as a result of the lack of grain boundaries and anisotropy of the bulk structure, enabling extended cyclability in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operating at high voltage. However, SC-NCM materials still suffer from capacity fading upon extended cycling. This degradation of capacity can be attributed to a reconstruction of the surface. A phase transformation from layered structures to disordered spinel/rock-salt structures was found to be responsible for impedance growth and capacity loss. Film-forming additives are a straightforward approach for the mitigation of surface reconstruction via the formation of a robust protection layer at the cathode’s surface. In this work, we investigate various additives on the electrochemical performance of single-crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (SC-NCM83). The results demonstrate that the use of 1% lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiDFOB) and 1% lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) additives substantially enhanced the cycling performance (with a capacity retention of 93.6% after 150 cycles) and rate capability in comparison to the baseline electrolyte (72.7%) as well as electrolytes using 1% LiDFOB (90.5%) or 1% LiPO<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub> (88.3%) individually. The superior cycling stability of the cell using the combination of both additives was attributed to the formation of a conformal cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer, resulting in a stabilized bulk structure and decreased impedance upon long-term cycling, as evidenced via a combination of state-of-the-art analytical techniques.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/528high-voltage operationenhanced cycling performancedecreased impedanceconformal cathode/electrolyte interface layer |
| spellingShingle | Wengao Zhao Mayan Si Kuan Wang Enzo Brack Ziyan Zhang Xinming Fan Corsin Battaglia Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries Batteries high-voltage operation enhanced cycling performance decreased impedance conformal cathode/electrolyte interface layer |
| title | Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full | Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_fullStr | Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_short | Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<sub>0.83</sub>Co<sub>0.11</sub>Mn<sub>0.06</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| title_sort | electrolyte optimization to improve the high voltage operation of single crystal lini sub 0 83 sub co sub 0 11 sub mn sub 0 06 sub o sub 2 sub in lithium ion batteries |
| topic | high-voltage operation enhanced cycling performance decreased impedance conformal cathode/electrolyte interface layer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/11/528 |
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