Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating
This paper aims to study the dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) and zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe2O4) by microwave heating. To achieve this aim, the dielectric properties were measured with an open-ended coaxial method to understand the behaviour of the s...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Royal Society
2017-01-01
|
| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.170710 |
| _version_ | 1811323344539090944 |
|---|---|
| author | Mamdouh Omran Timo Fabritius Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen Guo Chen |
| author_facet | Mamdouh Omran Timo Fabritius Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen Guo Chen |
| author_sort | Mamdouh Omran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper aims to study the dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) and zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe2O4) by microwave heating. To achieve this aim, the dielectric properties were measured with an open-ended coaxial method to understand the behaviour of the samples under microwave irradiation. The effects of microwave power, duration time and sample mass on the heating rate, and the effects of the stoichiometric amount of graphite on the reduction of ZnO and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 were investigated. The results show that ZnFe2O4 has significantly higher dielectric properties compared to ZnO. Generally, for both samples, the dielectric values at room temperature were quite low, indicating that both ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are poor microwave absorbers. It was found that the temperatures have a more significant effect on the imaginary permittivities than on the real permittivities. The heating rate showed that the sample temperature increased with increase in microwave power and sample mass. Using 700 W of microwave power and two times the stoichiometric amount of graphite, almost complete reduction of ZnO was achieved in 12 min, while ZnFe2O4 completely decomposed to zincite and wustite in 3 min. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:53:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96769a5d8b8e4c3b9ac512cd14cbc02c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:53:39Z |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-96769a5d8b8e4c3b9ac512cd14cbc02c2022-12-22T02:44:17ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032017-01-014910.1098/rsos.170710170710Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heatingMamdouh OmranTimo FabritiusEetu-Pekka HeikkinenGuo ChenThis paper aims to study the dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide (zincite, ZnO) and zinc ferrite (franklinite, ZnFe2O4) by microwave heating. To achieve this aim, the dielectric properties were measured with an open-ended coaxial method to understand the behaviour of the samples under microwave irradiation. The effects of microwave power, duration time and sample mass on the heating rate, and the effects of the stoichiometric amount of graphite on the reduction of ZnO and decomposition of ZnFe2O4 were investigated. The results show that ZnFe2O4 has significantly higher dielectric properties compared to ZnO. Generally, for both samples, the dielectric values at room temperature were quite low, indicating that both ZnO and ZnFe2O4 are poor microwave absorbers. It was found that the temperatures have a more significant effect on the imaginary permittivities than on the real permittivities. The heating rate showed that the sample temperature increased with increase in microwave power and sample mass. Using 700 W of microwave power and two times the stoichiometric amount of graphite, almost complete reduction of ZnO was achieved in 12 min, while ZnFe2O4 completely decomposed to zincite and wustite in 3 min.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.170710zinc oxidezinc ferritedielectric propertiesmicrowave heatingcarbothermic reduction |
| spellingShingle | Mamdouh Omran Timo Fabritius Eetu-Pekka Heikkinen Guo Chen Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating Royal Society Open Science zinc oxide zinc ferrite dielectric properties microwave heating carbothermic reduction |
| title | Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| title_full | Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| title_fullStr | Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| title_short | Dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| title_sort | dielectric properties and carbothermic reduction of zinc oxide and zinc ferrite by microwave heating |
| topic | zinc oxide zinc ferrite dielectric properties microwave heating carbothermic reduction |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.170710 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mamdouhomran dielectricpropertiesandcarbothermicreductionofzincoxideandzincferritebymicrowaveheating AT timofabritius dielectricpropertiesandcarbothermicreductionofzincoxideandzincferritebymicrowaveheating AT eetupekkaheikkinen dielectricpropertiesandcarbothermicreductionofzincoxideandzincferritebymicrowaveheating AT guochen dielectricpropertiesandcarbothermicreductionofzincoxideandzincferritebymicrowaveheating |