Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the German sentinel system, to monitor acute respirator...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1508 |
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| author | Djin-Ye Oh Barbara Biere Markus Grenz Thorsten Wolff Brunhilde Schweiger Ralf Dürrwald Janine Reiche |
| author_facet | Djin-Ye Oh Barbara Biere Markus Grenz Thorsten Wolff Brunhilde Schweiger Ralf Dürrwald Janine Reiche |
| author_sort | Djin-Ye Oh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the German sentinel system, to monitor acute respiratory infections (ARI), 4463 respiratory specimens collected from outpatients < 5 years of age between October 2015 and September 2019 were retrospectively screened for HPIV 1–4 using real-time PCR. HPIV was identified in 459 (10%) samples. HPIV-3 was the most common HPIV-type, with 234 detections, followed by HPIV-1 (113), HPIV-4 (61), and HPIV-2 (49). HPIV-3 was more frequently associated with age < 2 years, and HPIV-4 was more frequently associated with pneumonia compared to other HPIV types. HPIV circulation displayed distinct seasonal patterns, which appeared to vary by type. Phylogenetic characterization clustered HPIV-1 in Clades 2 and 3. Reclassification was performed for HPIV-2, provisionally assigning two distinct HPIV-2 groups and six clades, with German HPIV-2s clustering in Clade 2.4. HPIV-3 clustered in C1, C3, C5, and, interestingly, in A. HPIV-4 clustered in Clades 2.1 and 2.2. The results of this study may serve to inform future approaches to diagnose and prevent HPIV infections, which contribute substantially to ARI in young children in Germany. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:31:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-967c49593dab43c99666ab52454ab8ac |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:31:38Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-967c49593dab43c99666ab52454ab8ac2023-11-22T04:26:47ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-07-0197150810.3390/microorganisms9071508Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019Djin-Ye Oh0Barbara Biere1Markus Grenz2Thorsten Wolff3Brunhilde Schweiger4Ralf Dürrwald5Janine Reiche6 Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, GermanyConsultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Influenza Centre, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, GermanyConsultant Laboratory for RSV, PIV and HMPV, Unit 17, Department of Infectious Diseases, Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Robert Koch Institute, Seestraße 10, D-13353 Berlin, GermanyHuman parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are important causes of respiratory illness, especially in young children. However, surveillance for HPIV is rarely performed continuously, and national-level epidemiologic and genetic data are scarce. Within the German sentinel system, to monitor acute respiratory infections (ARI), 4463 respiratory specimens collected from outpatients < 5 years of age between October 2015 and September 2019 were retrospectively screened for HPIV 1–4 using real-time PCR. HPIV was identified in 459 (10%) samples. HPIV-3 was the most common HPIV-type, with 234 detections, followed by HPIV-1 (113), HPIV-4 (61), and HPIV-2 (49). HPIV-3 was more frequently associated with age < 2 years, and HPIV-4 was more frequently associated with pneumonia compared to other HPIV types. HPIV circulation displayed distinct seasonal patterns, which appeared to vary by type. Phylogenetic characterization clustered HPIV-1 in Clades 2 and 3. Reclassification was performed for HPIV-2, provisionally assigning two distinct HPIV-2 groups and six clades, with German HPIV-2s clustering in Clade 2.4. HPIV-3 clustered in C1, C3, C5, and, interestingly, in A. HPIV-4 clustered in Clades 2.1 and 2.2. The results of this study may serve to inform future approaches to diagnose and prevent HPIV infections, which contribute substantially to ARI in young children in Germany.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1508human parainfluenza virusorthorubulavirusrespirovirusacute respiratory infectioninfluenza-like illnesscroup |
| spellingShingle | Djin-Ye Oh Barbara Biere Markus Grenz Thorsten Wolff Brunhilde Schweiger Ralf Dürrwald Janine Reiche Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 Microorganisms human parainfluenza virus orthorubulavirus respirovirus acute respiratory infection influenza-like illness croup |
| title | Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 |
| title_full | Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 |
| title_short | Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015–2019 |
| title_sort | virological surveillance and molecular characterization of human parainfluenzavirus infection in children with acute respiratory illness germany 2015 2019 |
| topic | human parainfluenza virus orthorubulavirus respirovirus acute respiratory infection influenza-like illness croup |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/7/1508 |
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