Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure
Acute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertai...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/4/108 |
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| author | Ludovico Abenavoli Valentina Maurizi Luigi Boccuto Arianna Di Berardino Nena Giostra Pierangelo Santori Maria Laura Scarcella Anna Caterina Procopio Carlo Rasetti Emidio Scarpellini |
| author_facet | Ludovico Abenavoli Valentina Maurizi Luigi Boccuto Arianna Di Berardino Nena Giostra Pierangelo Santori Maria Laura Scarcella Anna Caterina Procopio Carlo Rasetti Emidio Scarpellini |
| author_sort | Ludovico Abenavoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to review literature data on the concept of ALF and the role of nutrition in its treatment and prevention, considering the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and eubiosis. We conducted a review of the literature on the main medical databases using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver failure, nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and probiotics. Upon their arrival at the emergency department, an early, accurate nutritional assessment is crucial for individuals with ALF. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), stable euglycemia maintenance, and moderate caloric support are crucial for this subset of patients. An excessive protein load must be avoided because it worsens hepatic encephalopathy. Preclinical evidence supports future probiotics use for ALF treatment/prevention. Nutritional support and treatment for ALF are crucial steps against patient morbidity and mortality. BCAAs and euglycemia remain the mainstay of nutritional treatment of ALF. Gut dysbiosis re-modulation has an emerging and natural-history changing impact on ALF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:07:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-968ff8095a564cd39ff9b87a9c10a1d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:07:34Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-968ff8095a564cd39ff9b87a9c10a1d92023-11-24T14:21:39ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212022-11-0110410810.3390/diseases10040108Nutritional Support in Acute Liver FailureLudovico Abenavoli0Valentina Maurizi1Luigi Boccuto2Arianna Di Berardino3Nena Giostra4Pierangelo Santori5Maria Laura Scarcella6Anna Caterina Procopio7Carlo Rasetti8Emidio Scarpellini9Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyInternal Medicine Residency Program, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60121 Ancona, ItalyHealthcare Genetics and Genomics Doctoral Program, School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USAClinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, ItalyClinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, ItalyHepatology and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, ItalyAnesthesia, Intensive Care and Nutritional Science, Azienda Ospedaliera “Santa Maria”, Via Tristano di Joannuccio, 05100 Terni, ItalyDepartment of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, ItalyClinical Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, ItalyT.A.R.G.I.D., Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, BelgiumAcute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to review literature data on the concept of ALF and the role of nutrition in its treatment and prevention, considering the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and eubiosis. We conducted a review of the literature on the main medical databases using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver failure, nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and probiotics. Upon their arrival at the emergency department, an early, accurate nutritional assessment is crucial for individuals with ALF. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), stable euglycemia maintenance, and moderate caloric support are crucial for this subset of patients. An excessive protein load must be avoided because it worsens hepatic encephalopathy. Preclinical evidence supports future probiotics use for ALF treatment/prevention. Nutritional support and treatment for ALF are crucial steps against patient morbidity and mortality. BCAAs and euglycemia remain the mainstay of nutritional treatment of ALF. Gut dysbiosis re-modulation has an emerging and natural-history changing impact on ALF.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/4/108liver failurenutritionbranched-chain amino acidsgut microbiotadysbiosisprobiotics |
| spellingShingle | Ludovico Abenavoli Valentina Maurizi Luigi Boccuto Arianna Di Berardino Nena Giostra Pierangelo Santori Maria Laura Scarcella Anna Caterina Procopio Carlo Rasetti Emidio Scarpellini Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure Diseases liver failure nutrition branched-chain amino acids gut microbiota dysbiosis probiotics |
| title | Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure |
| title_full | Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure |
| title_short | Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure |
| title_sort | nutritional support in acute liver failure |
| topic | liver failure nutrition branched-chain amino acids gut microbiota dysbiosis probiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/10/4/108 |
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