| Summary: | <i>Xenophagus simutniki</i> sp. n. is described from a late Eocene Rovno amber specimen. The new species is similar to the fossil <i>Xenophagus popovi</i> Lyubarsky et Perkovsky, 2017 from the late Eocene Baltic amber (W Russia), differing in the medially notched anterior margin of the pronotum. The Rovno xenosceline fauna is the richest among both extant and extinct faunas. This fauna includes the extinct genera <i>Xenophagus</i> Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2017 and <i>Xenohimatium</i> Lyubarsky & Perkovsky, 2012, which are closest to the extant Mediterranean <i>Xenoscelis</i> Wollaston 1864 and the representative of the extant boreal genus <i>Zavaljus</i> Reitter, 1880. A key to extinct species of the subfamily Xenoscelinae is presented. The possible reasons of xenoscelines abundance in European amber forests are discussed.
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