<i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union
<i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. <i>dulcis</i> has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, su...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/903 |
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| author | Gianluca Sferrazza Gloria Brusotti Manuela Zonfrillo Caterina Temporini Sara Tengattini Monica Bononi Fernando Tateo Enrica Calleri Pasquale Pierimarchi |
| author_facet | Gianluca Sferrazza Gloria Brusotti Manuela Zonfrillo Caterina Temporini Sara Tengattini Monica Bononi Fernando Tateo Enrica Calleri Pasquale Pierimarchi |
| author_sort | Gianluca Sferrazza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. <i>dulcis</i> has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement. The aim of this work is to review the whole scientific production, with special focus on the last decade, in order to update phytochemistry, biological activities, nutritional properties, toxicological aspect and regulatory classification of <i>H. dulcis</i> extracts for its use in the European Union. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:02:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96a3a629b18c4cc99e1dbb6140254394 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:02:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-96a3a629b18c4cc99e1dbb61402543942023-12-03T12:58:51ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-0126490310.3390/molecules26040903<i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European UnionGianluca Sferrazza0Gloria Brusotti1Manuela Zonfrillo2Caterina Temporini3Sara Tengattini4Monica Bononi5Fernando Tateo6Enrica Calleri7Pasquale Pierimarchi8Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyeuFAN s.r.l, spin-off University of Pavia, Via Fratelli Cuzio 42, 27100 Pavia, ItalyeuFAN s.r.l, spin-off University of Pavia, Via Fratelli Cuzio 42, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDepartment of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, ItalyInstitute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy<i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. <i>dulcis</i> has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement. The aim of this work is to review the whole scientific production, with special focus on the last decade, in order to update phytochemistry, biological activities, nutritional properties, toxicological aspect and regulatory classification of <i>H. dulcis</i> extracts for its use in the European Union.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/903<i>Hovenia dulcis</i>traditional medicinephytochemistrypharmacologytoxicologyregulatory science |
| spellingShingle | Gianluca Sferrazza Gloria Brusotti Manuela Zonfrillo Caterina Temporini Sara Tengattini Monica Bononi Fernando Tateo Enrica Calleri Pasquale Pierimarchi <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union Molecules <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> traditional medicine phytochemistry pharmacology toxicology regulatory science |
| title | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union |
| title_full | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union |
| title_fullStr | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union |
| title_short | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> Thumberg: Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Regulatory Framework for Its Use in the European Union |
| title_sort | i hovenia dulcis i thumberg phytochemistry pharmacology toxicology and regulatory framework for its use in the european union |
| topic | <i>Hovenia dulcis</i> traditional medicine phytochemistry pharmacology toxicology regulatory science |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/903 |
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