Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive
The development and utilization of wood briquettes is one of the efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, including to fulfill overseas market need. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of wood briquettes made of the branches of three mangrove species and to analyze the effect of differe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5266 |
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| author | Hardiansyah Tambunan Arif Nuryawan Apri Heri Iswanto Iwan Risnasari Mohammad Basyuni Widya Fatriasari |
| author_facet | Hardiansyah Tambunan Arif Nuryawan Apri Heri Iswanto Iwan Risnasari Mohammad Basyuni Widya Fatriasari |
| author_sort | Hardiansyah Tambunan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development and utilization of wood briquettes is one of the efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, including to fulfill overseas market need. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of wood briquettes made of the branches of three mangrove species and to analyze the effect of different wood species of mangrove branches, and the types of starch adhesive, on the quality of wood briquettes. The wood briquettes made in this study were 3 cm × 4 cm in a cylindrical shape using three wood species of mangrove branches, namely mata buaya (<i>Bruguiera sexangula</i>), buta-buta (<i>Excoecaria agallocha</i>), and bakau minyak (<i>Rhizophora apiculata</i>), while the adhesives used were tapioca starch, maize starch, and potato starch. The results showed that the moisture, ash content, and calorific value of the wood briquettes mostly met the ISO 17225-3:2-2020 class A2 standard and the specification and quality standards of wood briquettes for Grade A2 issued by the Korea Forest Research Institute, except the density. Wood briquettes made of mata buaya by using the three types of starch adhesives generally had better properties than all other types of wood briquettes. The interaction of mangrove wood species and the types of starch adhesive had a significant effect on the properties of wood briquettes, except for volatile matter and calorific value for which they had no significant effect. The use of wood briquettes from mangrove wood branches contributes to sustainable forest management and maintains the ecological function of mangrove forests while providing environmentally friendly alternative energy for households as a source of fuel/energy. Furthermore, future research is needed, such as investigating the optimal pressing pressure needed to achieve higher density of the wood briquettes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96a573955a164322b2d73aad69808e5d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:23:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-96a573955a164322b2d73aad69808e5d2023-11-18T23:11:02ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-07-011615526610.3390/ma16155266Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch AdhesiveHardiansyah Tambunan0Arif Nuryawan1Apri Heri Iswanto2Iwan Risnasari3Mohammad Basyuni4Widya Fatriasari5Faculty of Forestry, 2nd Campus in Kuala Bekala, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, 2nd Campus in Kuala Bekala, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, 2nd Campus in Kuala Bekala, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, 2nd Campus in Kuala Bekala, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, IndonesiaFaculty of Forestry, 2nd Campus in Kuala Bekala, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20355, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 16911, IndonesiaThe development and utilization of wood briquettes is one of the efforts to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, including to fulfill overseas market need. This study aimed to evaluate the properties of wood briquettes made of the branches of three mangrove species and to analyze the effect of different wood species of mangrove branches, and the types of starch adhesive, on the quality of wood briquettes. The wood briquettes made in this study were 3 cm × 4 cm in a cylindrical shape using three wood species of mangrove branches, namely mata buaya (<i>Bruguiera sexangula</i>), buta-buta (<i>Excoecaria agallocha</i>), and bakau minyak (<i>Rhizophora apiculata</i>), while the adhesives used were tapioca starch, maize starch, and potato starch. The results showed that the moisture, ash content, and calorific value of the wood briquettes mostly met the ISO 17225-3:2-2020 class A2 standard and the specification and quality standards of wood briquettes for Grade A2 issued by the Korea Forest Research Institute, except the density. Wood briquettes made of mata buaya by using the three types of starch adhesives generally had better properties than all other types of wood briquettes. The interaction of mangrove wood species and the types of starch adhesive had a significant effect on the properties of wood briquettes, except for volatile matter and calorific value for which they had no significant effect. The use of wood briquettes from mangrove wood branches contributes to sustainable forest management and maintains the ecological function of mangrove forests while providing environmentally friendly alternative energy for households as a source of fuel/energy. Furthermore, future research is needed, such as investigating the optimal pressing pressure needed to achieve higher density of the wood briquettes.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5266wood briquettesbiomass energyrenewable energymangrove speciesstarch adhesive |
| spellingShingle | Hardiansyah Tambunan Arif Nuryawan Apri Heri Iswanto Iwan Risnasari Mohammad Basyuni Widya Fatriasari Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive Materials wood briquettes biomass energy renewable energy mangrove species starch adhesive |
| title | Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive |
| title_full | Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive |
| title_fullStr | Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive |
| title_full_unstemmed | Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive |
| title_short | Briquettes Made of Branches Wood of Three Mangrove Species Bonded by Starch Adhesive |
| title_sort | briquettes made of branches wood of three mangrove species bonded by starch adhesive |
| topic | wood briquettes biomass energy renewable energy mangrove species starch adhesive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/15/5266 |
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