Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera
Climate change is predicted to negatively impact calcification and change the structural integrity of biogenic carbonates, influencing their protective function. We assess the impacts of warming on the morphology and crystallography of Amphistegina lobifera, an abundant benthic foraminifera species...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231280 |
| _version_ | 1797214236789702656 |
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| author | Danna Titelboim Nikita J. Rothwell Oliver T. Lord Robert L. Harniman Leanne A. Melbourne Daniela N. Schmidt |
| author_facet | Danna Titelboim Nikita J. Rothwell Oliver T. Lord Robert L. Harniman Leanne A. Melbourne Daniela N. Schmidt |
| author_sort | Danna Titelboim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Climate change is predicted to negatively impact calcification and change the structural integrity of biogenic carbonates, influencing their protective function. We assess the impacts of warming on the morphology and crystallography of Amphistegina lobifera, an abundant benthic foraminifera species in shallow environments. Specimens from a thermally disturbed field area, mimicking future warming, are about 50% smaller compared with a control location. Differences in the position of the ν1 Raman mode of shells between the sites, which serves as a proxy for Mg content and calcification temperature, indicate that calcification is negatively impacted when temperatures are below the thermal range facilitating calcification. To test the impact of thermal stress on the Young's modulus of calcite which contributes to structural integrity, we quantify elasticity changes in large benthic foraminifera by applying atomic force microscopy to a different genus, Operculina ammonoides, cultured under optimal and high temperatures. Building on these observations of size and the sensitivity analysis for temperature-induced change in elasticity, we used finite element analysis to show that structural integrity is increased with reduced size and is largely insensitive to calcite elasticity. Our results indicate that warming-induced dwarfism creates shells that are more resistant to fracture because they are smaller. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:10:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96acb2cf7d1c4619b5fce15dcc527ecd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:10:58Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-96acb2cf7d1c4619b5fce15dcc527ecd2024-04-11T14:52:22ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032024-04-0111410.1098/rsos.231280Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminiferaDanna Titelboim0Nikita J. Rothwell1Oliver T. Lord2Robert L. Harniman3Leanne A. Melbourne4Daniela N. Schmidt5School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKSchool of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKSchool of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UKClimate change is predicted to negatively impact calcification and change the structural integrity of biogenic carbonates, influencing their protective function. We assess the impacts of warming on the morphology and crystallography of Amphistegina lobifera, an abundant benthic foraminifera species in shallow environments. Specimens from a thermally disturbed field area, mimicking future warming, are about 50% smaller compared with a control location. Differences in the position of the ν1 Raman mode of shells between the sites, which serves as a proxy for Mg content and calcification temperature, indicate that calcification is negatively impacted when temperatures are below the thermal range facilitating calcification. To test the impact of thermal stress on the Young's modulus of calcite which contributes to structural integrity, we quantify elasticity changes in large benthic foraminifera by applying atomic force microscopy to a different genus, Operculina ammonoides, cultured under optimal and high temperatures. Building on these observations of size and the sensitivity analysis for temperature-induced change in elasticity, we used finite element analysis to show that structural integrity is increased with reduced size and is largely insensitive to calcite elasticity. Our results indicate that warming-induced dwarfism creates shells that are more resistant to fracture because they are smaller.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231280ocean warmingthermal stresscalcificationstructural integritymorphological adaptation |
| spellingShingle | Danna Titelboim Nikita J. Rothwell Oliver T. Lord Robert L. Harniman Leanne A. Melbourne Daniela N. Schmidt Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera Royal Society Open Science ocean warming thermal stress calcification structural integrity morphological adaptation |
| title | Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| title_full | Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| title_fullStr | Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| title_short | Unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| title_sort | unexpected increase in structural integrity caused by thermally induced dwarfism in large benthic foraminifera |
| topic | ocean warming thermal stress calcification structural integrity morphological adaptation |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231280 |
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