A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement

Conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement are fundamental learning processes of animal adaptation, also strongly involved in human pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and dependencies. Cued fear conditioning, extinction, restatement, and systematic manipulation...

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Main Authors: Andrea Mattera, Marco Pagani, Gianluca Baldassarre
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2020.569108/full
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author Andrea Mattera
Marco Pagani
Gianluca Baldassarre
author_facet Andrea Mattera
Marco Pagani
Gianluca Baldassarre
author_sort Andrea Mattera
collection DOAJ
description Conditioning, extinction, and reinstatement are fundamental learning processes of animal adaptation, also strongly involved in human pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and dependencies. Cued fear conditioning, extinction, restatement, and systematic manipulations of the underlying brain amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, represent key experimental paradigms to study such processes. Numerous empirical studies have revealed several aspects and the neural systems and plasticity underlying them, but at the moment we lack a comprehensive view. Here we propose a computational model based on firing rate leaky units that contributes to such integration by accounting for 25 different experiments on fear conditioning, extinction, and restatement, on the basis of a single neural architecture having a structure and plasticity grounded in known brain biology. This allows the model to furnish three novel contributions to understand these open issues: (a) the functioning of the central and lateral amygdala system supporting conditioning; (b) the role played by the endocannabinoids system in within- and between-session extinction; (c) the formation of three important types of neurons underlying fear processing, namely fear, extinction, and persistent neurons. The model integration of the results on fear conditioning goes substantially beyond what was done in previous models.
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spelling doaj.art-96b4bfa0646347919a0a6de0ffb4b8262022-12-22T01:05:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience1662-51372020-09-011410.3389/fnsys.2020.569108569108A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and ReinstatementAndrea MatteraMarco PaganiGianluca BaldassarreConditioning, extinction, and reinstatement are fundamental learning processes of animal adaptation, also strongly involved in human pathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, and dependencies. Cued fear conditioning, extinction, restatement, and systematic manipulations of the underlying brain amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, represent key experimental paradigms to study such processes. Numerous empirical studies have revealed several aspects and the neural systems and plasticity underlying them, but at the moment we lack a comprehensive view. Here we propose a computational model based on firing rate leaky units that contributes to such integration by accounting for 25 different experiments on fear conditioning, extinction, and restatement, on the basis of a single neural architecture having a structure and plasticity grounded in known brain biology. This allows the model to furnish three novel contributions to understand these open issues: (a) the functioning of the central and lateral amygdala system supporting conditioning; (b) the role played by the endocannabinoids system in within- and between-session extinction; (c) the formation of three important types of neurons underlying fear processing, namely fear, extinction, and persistent neurons. The model integration of the results on fear conditioning goes substantially beyond what was done in previous models.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2020.569108/fullamygdalaprefrontal cortexendocannabinoidsfear conditioningfear extinction
spellingShingle Andrea Mattera
Marco Pagani
Gianluca Baldassarre
A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
endocannabinoids
fear conditioning
fear extinction
title A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
title_full A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
title_fullStr A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
title_full_unstemmed A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
title_short A Computational Model Integrating Multiple Phenomena on Cued Fear Conditioning, Extinction, and Reinstatement
title_sort computational model integrating multiple phenomena on cued fear conditioning extinction and reinstatement
topic amygdala
prefrontal cortex
endocannabinoids
fear conditioning
fear extinction
url https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnsys.2020.569108/full
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