The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes.
High-molecular weight polymerised polyphenols have been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of their e...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3335072?pdf=render |
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| author | Daisuke Yamanaka Yumi Tamiya Masuro Motoi Ken-ichi Ishibashi Noriko N Miura Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno |
| author_facet | Daisuke Yamanaka Yumi Tamiya Masuro Motoi Ken-ichi Ishibashi Noriko N Miura Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno |
| author_sort | Daisuke Yamanaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-molecular weight polymerised polyphenols have been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of their effects. The cytokine-inducing activity of the enzymatically polymerised polyphenols derived from caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), and p-coumaric acid (CoA) was investigated using murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols, but not non-polymerised polyphenols, induced cytokine synthesis in murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols induced several cytokines in murine splenocytes, with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) being the most prominent. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of the polymerised polyphenols were then studied using neutralising antibodies and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Our results show that polymerised polyphenols increased IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in splenocytes. In addition, the anti-CD4 neutralised monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited polymerised polyphenol-induced IFN-γ and GM-CSF secretion. Moreover, polymerised polyphenols bound directly to a recombinant CD4 protein, and FACS analysis confirmed that interaction occurs between polymerised polyphenols and CD4 molecules expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that enzymatic polymerisation confers immunoactivating potential to phenylpropanoic acids, and CD4 plays a key role in their cytokine-inducing activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:15:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96c0c53387914d4b9749ba865f358309 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T00:15:41Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-96c0c53387914d4b9749ba865f3583092022-12-21T20:45:49ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0174e3602510.1371/journal.pone.0036025The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes.Daisuke YamanakaYumi TamiyaMasuro MotoiKen-ichi IshibashiNoriko N MiuraYoshiyuki AdachiNaohito OhnoHigh-molecular weight polymerised polyphenols have been shown to exhibit anti-influenza virus, anti-HIV, and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols, and to clarify the underlying mechanisms of their effects. The cytokine-inducing activity of the enzymatically polymerised polyphenols derived from caffeic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), and p-coumaric acid (CoA) was investigated using murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols, but not non-polymerised polyphenols, induced cytokine synthesis in murine splenocytes. Polymerised polyphenols induced several cytokines in murine splenocytes, with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) being the most prominent. The underlying mechanisms of the effects of the polymerised polyphenols were then studied using neutralising antibodies and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Our results show that polymerised polyphenols increased IFN-γ and GM-CSF production in splenocytes. In addition, the anti-CD4 neutralised monoclonal antibody (mAb) inhibited polymerised polyphenol-induced IFN-γ and GM-CSF secretion. Moreover, polymerised polyphenols bound directly to a recombinant CD4 protein, and FACS analysis confirmed that interaction occurs between polymerised polyphenols and CD4 molecules expressed on the cell surface. In this study, we clearly demonstrated that enzymatic polymerisation confers immunoactivating potential to phenylpropanoic acids, and CD4 plays a key role in their cytokine-inducing activity.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3335072?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Daisuke Yamanaka Yumi Tamiya Masuro Motoi Ken-ichi Ishibashi Noriko N Miura Yoshiyuki Adachi Naohito Ohno The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. PLoS ONE |
| title | The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. |
| title_full | The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. |
| title_fullStr | The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. |
| title_short | The effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on CD4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes. |
| title_sort | effect of enzymatically polymerised polyphenols on cd4 binding and cytokine production in murine splenocytes |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3335072?pdf=render |
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