Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i>
Although phosphides are utilized in stored pest control, efforts have been made to discover environmentally friendly insecticides. For insecticidal properties, essential oils (EOs) are considered to be novel alternatives for pesticide use. This study characterized the <i>Origanum vulgare</i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2204 |
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| author | Angelica Plata-Rueda Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos José Eduardo Serrão Luis Carlos Martínez |
| author_facet | Angelica Plata-Rueda Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos José Eduardo Serrão Luis Carlos Martínez |
| author_sort | Angelica Plata-Rueda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although phosphides are utilized in stored pest control, efforts have been made to discover environmentally friendly insecticides. For insecticidal properties, essential oils (EOs) are considered to be novel alternatives for pesticide use. This study characterized the <i>Origanum vulgare</i> EO by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) × gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and assessed the insecticidal activities against <i>Sitophilus granarius</i>. Mortality, post-exposure survival, behavior, and respiration caused by this EO in <i>S. granarius</i> were investigated. The majority of the compounds were p-cymene, carvacrol, linalool, and thymol. In dose–mortality bioassays, the lethality of this EO (LD<sub>50</sub> = 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup> and LD<sub>90</sub> = 10.02 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>) was confirmed in <i>S. granarius</i>. The survival rate was 99.9% in adults not treated with <i>O. vulgare</i> EOs, reducing to 44.9% and 10.3% in weevils treated with 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup> and 10.02 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The <i>O. vulgare</i> EO alters the behavioral pattern in terms of walking distance and resting time, displaying repellency. Additionally, this EO reduced the gas exchange of weevils from 2.78 to 2.36 µL CO<sub>2</sub> h<sup>−1</sup> at 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>, after 3 h EO exposure. The results suggest that <i>O. vulgare</i> EOs affect different biological functions in the insect, and open new perspectives for controlling stored pests, representing a first step in the innovation of green pesticides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-96c1f8ce0cb447ac9dcdb0e01c466e3b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-96c1f8ce0cb447ac9dcdb0e01c466e3b2023-11-23T14:39:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-09-01129220410.3390/agronomy12092204Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i>Angelica Plata-Rueda0Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos1José Eduardo Serrão2Luis Carlos Martínez3Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, BrazilDepartment of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, BrazilDepartment of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-000, BrazilAlthough phosphides are utilized in stored pest control, efforts have been made to discover environmentally friendly insecticides. For insecticidal properties, essential oils (EOs) are considered to be novel alternatives for pesticide use. This study characterized the <i>Origanum vulgare</i> EO by gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC–FID) × gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and assessed the insecticidal activities against <i>Sitophilus granarius</i>. Mortality, post-exposure survival, behavior, and respiration caused by this EO in <i>S. granarius</i> were investigated. The majority of the compounds were p-cymene, carvacrol, linalool, and thymol. In dose–mortality bioassays, the lethality of this EO (LD<sub>50</sub> = 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup> and LD<sub>90</sub> = 10.02 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>) was confirmed in <i>S. granarius</i>. The survival rate was 99.9% in adults not treated with <i>O. vulgare</i> EOs, reducing to 44.9% and 10.3% in weevils treated with 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup> and 10.02 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The <i>O. vulgare</i> EO alters the behavioral pattern in terms of walking distance and resting time, displaying repellency. Additionally, this EO reduced the gas exchange of weevils from 2.78 to 2.36 µL CO<sub>2</sub> h<sup>−1</sup> at 3.05 µg insect<sup>−1</sup>, after 3 h EO exposure. The results suggest that <i>O. vulgare</i> EOs affect different biological functions in the insect, and open new perspectives for controlling stored pests, representing a first step in the innovation of green pesticides.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2204gas chromatographyrepellencyrespirationterpenoidstoxicitysurvivorship |
| spellingShingle | Angelica Plata-Rueda Marcelo Henrique Dos Santos José Eduardo Serrão Luis Carlos Martínez Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> Agronomy gas chromatography repellency respiration terpenoids toxicity survivorship |
| title | Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> |
| title_full | Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> |
| title_short | Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Properties of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> (Lamiaceae) Essential Oil against the Stored Product Beetle, <i>Sitophilus granarius</i> |
| title_sort | chemical composition and insecticidal properties of i origanum vulgare i lamiaceae essential oil against the stored product beetle i sitophilus granarius i |
| topic | gas chromatography repellency respiration terpenoids toxicity survivorship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/9/2204 |
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