Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an endogenous pain inhibition phenomenon that can be summarized simply as one type of pain being able to inhibit another, which must be in a remote area in relation to the first pain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of four CPM test paradigms as well as the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/599 |
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| author | María del Rocío Ibancos-Losada María C. Osuna-Pérez María Yolanda Castellote-Caballero Ángeles Díaz-Fernández |
| author_facet | María del Rocío Ibancos-Losada María C. Osuna-Pérez María Yolanda Castellote-Caballero Ángeles Díaz-Fernández |
| author_sort | María del Rocío Ibancos-Losada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an endogenous pain inhibition phenomenon that can be summarized simply as one type of pain being able to inhibit another, which must be in a remote area in relation to the first pain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of four CPM test paradigms as well as the association of the CPM effect with potential predictors in 72 healthy volunteers. Pressure pain from an algometer was used as the test stimulus, and pain provoked by cold water or ischemic pressure was used as the conditioning stimulus, applied either sequentially or in parallel. No significant differences were found between the test paradigms, although the cold-parallel test showed the most significant effect size (ηP<sup>2</sup> = 0.614). No association was found between the CPM effect and sociodemographic variables (age or sex), nor anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, previous history of pain or self-perceived pain tolerance. Nevertheless, a strong association was found between the CPM effect and individual affinity for the stimulus in participants who underwent the cold water test paradigm; this explained around 45% of the total CPM effect when the paradigm (cold water) coincided with personal affinity for the stimulus (“I prefer cold to heat”, “cold is not unpleasant”). |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:42:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96cfcdb60ebf45c389df6cbe5397541b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:42:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-96cfcdb60ebf45c389df6cbe5397541b2023-11-20T11:54:49ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-08-0110959910.3390/brainsci10090599Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy PopulationMaría del Rocío Ibancos-Losada0María C. Osuna-Pérez1María Yolanda Castellote-Caballero2Ángeles Díaz-Fernández3Physiotherapy Clinic Center of Bartolomé Puerta, Jaén-23006, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén-23071, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén-23071, SpainDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén-23071, SpainConditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an endogenous pain inhibition phenomenon that can be summarized simply as one type of pain being able to inhibit another, which must be in a remote area in relation to the first pain. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of four CPM test paradigms as well as the association of the CPM effect with potential predictors in 72 healthy volunteers. Pressure pain from an algometer was used as the test stimulus, and pain provoked by cold water or ischemic pressure was used as the conditioning stimulus, applied either sequentially or in parallel. No significant differences were found between the test paradigms, although the cold-parallel test showed the most significant effect size (ηP<sup>2</sup> = 0.614). No association was found between the CPM effect and sociodemographic variables (age or sex), nor anxiety, depression, catastrophizing, previous history of pain or self-perceived pain tolerance. Nevertheless, a strong association was found between the CPM effect and individual affinity for the stimulus in participants who underwent the cold water test paradigm; this explained around 45% of the total CPM effect when the paradigm (cold water) coincided with personal affinity for the stimulus (“I prefer cold to heat”, “cold is not unpleasant”).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/599conditioned pain modulation (CPM)ischemic paincold painconditioning stimulusstimulus parameter |
| spellingShingle | María del Rocío Ibancos-Losada María C. Osuna-Pérez María Yolanda Castellote-Caballero Ángeles Díaz-Fernández Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population Brain Sciences conditioned pain modulation (CPM) ischemic pain cold pain conditioning stimulus stimulus parameter |
| title | Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population |
| title_full | Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population |
| title_fullStr | Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population |
| title_short | Conditioned Pain Modulation Effectiveness: An Experimental Study Comparing Test Paradigms and Analyzing Potential Predictors in a Healthy Population |
| title_sort | conditioned pain modulation effectiveness an experimental study comparing test paradigms and analyzing potential predictors in a healthy population |
| topic | conditioned pain modulation (CPM) ischemic pain cold pain conditioning stimulus stimulus parameter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/9/599 |
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