The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment
Background/Objectives: In our previous laboratory experiment (room temperature of 25 °C), CO2-rich cool-water immersion (CCWI) suppressed subjects' core body temperature even during repeated exercise. It is unclear whether the suppression of body temperature elevation would also continue after...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000291 |
| _version_ | 1797781941710225408 |
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| author | Miho Yoshimura Masatoshi Nakamura Tatsuya Hojo Aya Arai Yoshiyuki Fukuoka |
| author_facet | Miho Yoshimura Masatoshi Nakamura Tatsuya Hojo Aya Arai Yoshiyuki Fukuoka |
| author_sort | Miho Yoshimura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background/Objectives: In our previous laboratory experiment (room temperature of 25 °C), CO2-rich cool-water immersion (CCWI) suppressed subjects' core body temperature even during repeated exercise. It is unclear whether the suppression of body temperature elevation would also continue after CCWI in a hot outdoor environment. Herein we investigated the thermal effects of CCWI after regular exercise training in heat on subjects' core temperature (Tcore), three skin temperatures (Tskin), heart rate (HR), and the rate of perceived ice (RPI). Methods: Thirty-six subjects (25 males, 11 females) were randomly allocated into three groups (CCWI, CWI, and control). After training at their competitive clubs, each subject was immersed up to the chest in CCWI or CWI at 20 °C for 20 min, followed by a 60-min recovery period. Tcore, Tskin, HR, and RPI were measured at the initial rest, the end of immersion, and every 10 min during the recovery period. Results: Compared to the control, the CCWI subjects' Tcore was significantly lower at 50–60 min after the end of immersion (p < 0.05). Tskin at abdominal and lower-leg regions during the recovery period was maintained at significantly lower values in the CWI and CCWI groups versus control (p < 0.05). The CCWI subjects maintained lower Tskin for a longer time than the CWI subjects. Conclusions: These findings indicate that CCWI suppresses the rise in body temperatures more than CWI, even in a hot environment, suggesting that CCWI may be a more effective countermeasure against increasing body temperature in a hot outdoor environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:04:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-96d6fee93887482f8539d07482ed9012 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1728-869X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:04:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness |
| spelling | doaj.art-96d6fee93887482f8539d07482ed90122023-07-13T05:28:03ZengElsevierJournal of Exercise Science & Fitness1728-869X2023-07-01213268274The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environmentMiho Yoshimura0Masatoshi Nakamura1Tatsuya Hojo2Aya Arai3Yoshiyuki Fukuoka4Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, JapanDepartment of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Studies, Nishikyushu University, Saga, 842-8585, JapanFaculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, JapanFaculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, JapanFaculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan; Corresponding author. Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, 1-3Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan.Background/Objectives: In our previous laboratory experiment (room temperature of 25 °C), CO2-rich cool-water immersion (CCWI) suppressed subjects' core body temperature even during repeated exercise. It is unclear whether the suppression of body temperature elevation would also continue after CCWI in a hot outdoor environment. Herein we investigated the thermal effects of CCWI after regular exercise training in heat on subjects' core temperature (Tcore), three skin temperatures (Tskin), heart rate (HR), and the rate of perceived ice (RPI). Methods: Thirty-six subjects (25 males, 11 females) were randomly allocated into three groups (CCWI, CWI, and control). After training at their competitive clubs, each subject was immersed up to the chest in CCWI or CWI at 20 °C for 20 min, followed by a 60-min recovery period. Tcore, Tskin, HR, and RPI were measured at the initial rest, the end of immersion, and every 10 min during the recovery period. Results: Compared to the control, the CCWI subjects' Tcore was significantly lower at 50–60 min after the end of immersion (p < 0.05). Tskin at abdominal and lower-leg regions during the recovery period was maintained at significantly lower values in the CWI and CCWI groups versus control (p < 0.05). The CCWI subjects maintained lower Tskin for a longer time than the CWI subjects. Conclusions: These findings indicate that CCWI suppresses the rise in body temperatures more than CWI, even in a hot environment, suggesting that CCWI may be a more effective countermeasure against increasing body temperature in a hot outdoor environment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000291Carbon dioxideCool water immersionSkin temperatureHeart rate |
| spellingShingle | Miho Yoshimura Masatoshi Nakamura Tatsuya Hojo Aya Arai Yoshiyuki Fukuoka The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness Carbon dioxide Cool water immersion Skin temperature Heart rate |
| title | The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| title_full | The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| title_fullStr | The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| title_short | The field study about the effects of artificial CO2-rich cool-water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| title_sort | field study about the effects of artificial co2 rich cool water immersion after outdoor sports activity in a hot environment |
| topic | Carbon dioxide Cool water immersion Skin temperature Heart rate |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X23000291 |
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